Charlotte Stice What is prosody? Prosody consists of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 11
About This Presentation
Title:

Charlotte Stice What is prosody? Prosody consists of

Description:

Charlotte Stice What is prosody? Prosody consists of distinctive variations of stress, tone, and timing in spoken language In linguistics, prosody refers to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:149
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 12
Provided by: jillrobbi
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Charlotte Stice What is prosody? Prosody consists of


1
  • WORD STRESS PATTERNS IN PROSODIC PHONOLOGY
  • Charlotte Stice

2
What is prosody?
  • Prosody consists of distinctive variations of
    stress, tone, and timing in spoken language
  • In linguistics, prosody refers to intonation and
    vocal stress in speech

3
What is stress?
  • Stress is a term that we apply to words in
    isolation which have more than one syllable. It
    refers to the property that certain syllables
    carry which make them stand out from the rest of
    the word. Stressed syllables are made with more
    effort than unstressed ones the muscles in the
    lungs expel air more aggressively than for
    unstressed syllables.

4
THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS TO MARK STRESS IN A WORD
  • Stress can be marked by an acute accent ( )
  • Stress can also be noted by a high mark in front
    of the stressed syllable
  • In certain textbooks, stress is marked with large
    and small circles
  • º
  • amazing

5
More ways to mark stress
  • Use a 1 for primary stress and a 2 for secondary
    stress
  • 2 1 2 1
  • Fundamental introductory

6
HOW STRESS CAN POSE PROBLEMS FOR THE ELL
  • In many languages, word stress follows a set
    pattern (ie in French the stress is almost
    always on the final syllablealler, avertir,
    absolument.
  • How do you explain to an ELL the difference
    between the pronunciation of the word record in
    the following examples
  • Please keep a récord of all of your work.
  • Please recórd your voice on the tape.

7
Consider the following English verbs. Those in
column A have stress on the next-to-last
syllable, whereas the verbs in column B and C
have their last syllable stressed.
  • A B C
  • astónish collápse amáze
  • exit exíst impróve
  • imágine resíst surpríse
  • cáncel revólt combíne
  • elícit adópt recáll
  • práctice insíst atóne

8
Transcribe the words under A, B and C phonetically
  • A B C
  • ?staniš k?læps ?mez
  • eks?t egzist impruv
  • imæj?n r?zent s?rprajz
  • kæns?l r?volt k?mbajn
  • ?lis?t ?dapt r?kal
  • præct?s insist ?ton
  • What is the difference between the final
    syllables in columns A and B?

9
What kind of rule would predict where stess
occurs in the verbs in columns A and B?
  • RULE In words that end with more than one
    consonant, the stress falls on the second
    syllable.

10
In the verbs in column C, stress also occurs on
the final syllable. What must you add to the
rule to account for this fact?
  • Hint look at the vowels
  • Rule If the second syllable of a verb contains
    a long vowel or dipthong, the second syllable is
    stressed.

11
HOW TO DETERMINE WHERE STRESS LIES
  • Unfortunately, English has a very complex set of
    procedures that determine stress. However, since
    nearly all English speakers agree on where stress
    should be placed in individual words, there is
    some method to our madness.
  • Check out the following websites
  • http//www.celt.stir.ac.uk/staff/HIGDOX/STEPHEN/PH
    ONO/PHONOLG.HTM
  • http//www.onestopenglish.com/ProfessionalSupport/
    ask/methodology_bowen_pronun.htm
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com