Group 1 : What are the most critical issues facing the

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Group 1 What are the most critical issues
facing the health care system in the U.S. today?

• Presentation by Roy Chan, Hannah Kim, Ellen Lee,
  Zara Mahmud, Frances Mencias, Michelle
  Montenegro, Tiffany Nguyen, Rochelle Osoteo,
  Cindy Tudo, Alicia Virgo, and Jeremy Yuen

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HEART DISEASE

• What is heart disease?
• Heart disease is any condition
• that impairs the functioning of the heart, it is
  a broad term that includes variety of heart
  conditions.

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CORONARY HEART DISEASE

• It is the most common type of heart disease.
• CHD occurs when the coronary arteries, that
  supply blood to the heart muscle, become hardened
  and narrowed due to the plaque buildup, reducing
  the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart.
• CHD can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart
  failure.

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SOME FACTS ABOUT HEART DISEASE

• In 2002, 696,947 people died of heart disease,
  this being 29 of the deaths in the U.S
• It is the leading death for both men and women in
  the U.S.
• On average, it is killing a person every 34
  seconds in the U.S alone.
• Worldwide, coronary heart disease kills more than
  7 million people each year

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American Heart Association

• 10 Factors That Increase the Risk of Heart
  Disease and Heart Attack
• 1) Tobacco Smoke
• 2) High Blood Cholesterol
• 3) High Blood Pressure
• 4) Physical Inactivity
• 5) Obesity and Overweight
• 6) Diabetes Mellitus
• 7) Stress
• 8) Alcohol
• 9) Diet and Nutrition
• 10) Age

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Risk Factors for Tobacco Smoke

• Risk Factors
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Physical inactivity
• Obesity and Diabetes
• Stroke
• Damage the Cerebrovascular System
• Fatty buildups in arteries which causes cancer
  and lung cancer

• Facts
• In the United States, an estimated 25.9 million
  men (23.9 percent) and 20.7 million women (18.1
  percent) are smokers
• Smokers' risk of heart disease is 24 times
  that of nonsmokers.
• Smoking accounts for nearly 440,000 deaths each
  year

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Risk Factors for Physical Inactivity

• Risk Factors
• Coronary Heart Disease
• High blood cholesterol
• High Blood Pressure
• Obesity and Diabetes
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Stroke

• Facts
• Adults ages 18-65 should be getting at least
  30 minutes of moderate intensity activity five
  days of the week - At least 60 of the global
  population fails to achieve the minimum
  recommendation
• Inactivity greatly contributes to medical
  costs - by an estimated 75 billion in the USA in
  2000 alone.

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Key ways to help prevent heart disease

• Dont smoke or use tobacco products
• Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,800 chemicals
  many of which can damage your heart and blood
  vessels
• Get active
• Exercise
• Gardening
• Taking the stairs
• Eat a heart-healthy diet
• Research shows that fruits, vegetables, whole
  grains and low-fat dairy products that can help
  protect your heart

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Key ways to help prevent heart disease

• Maintain a healthy weight
• excess weight can lead to conditions that
• increase your chances of heart
• Get regular health screenings
• Blood Pressure
• Cholesterol Levels
• Stress-free
• Relax
• Smile

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OBESITY

• Causes of obesity
• Consuming more calories than the body needs.
• Usually from eating foods high in fat/ calories.
• Lack of exercise

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Causes of obesity

• Other causes and contributing factors
• Environment
• Genetics
• Hormonal Disorders
• Culture

Medication Induced Weight-gain
Different Metabolism
Appetite/ cravings
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Education Prevention Awareness
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Facts about Obesity

• One in three people in the United States are
  obese.
• Obesity leads to several health problems
• Has been linked to abnormal heartbeat
• Can lead to breathing difficulties
• Increases the chances of getting Alzheimers
  disease

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Ways to Prevent Obesity

• Order off the childrens menu
• Limit the amount of time watching TV
• Consume at least five daily servings of fresh raw
  fruits
• Have six small nutrient-dense meals a day.
• Changing up your orders at fast food restaurants

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United States Healthcare Costs

• In 2006, United States national healthcare costs
  reached 2 trillion
• Increase in healthcare expenditure in 2008 is
  6.9
• What do increases in healthcare costs mean to us?

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United States Healthcare Spending
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U.S. Competitiveness on Healthcare Spending

• 46 million Americans are currently uninsured
• Taiwanese are assessed around ______ dollars a
  month for full health coverage. In contrast,
  Americans pay ________ dollars per month

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Insurance Companies

• What is health insurance?
• What are the different types of health insurance?

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(No Transcript)
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Trends and Statistics of the Uninsured
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• What are the pros and cons of healthcare coverage
  in the United States
• Comparison to other countries health insurance
  plans

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The Pharmaceutical Business

• Shareholders
• 8.2 billion
• About 12 years per drug
• Attrition
• 6.6 billion to about 7.6 billion in 2020

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Blockbusters

• Blockbusters vs. Orphan Drugs
• Expiring patents

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Paths of Destruction

• Cannibalization and expiring patents
• Commercials and Advertising
• Drug reps and their relationships with physicians
  
• Clinical trials

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National Healthcare Crisis

• Almost 700,000 people die of heart disease in the
  U.S. each year
• There are 23.6 million people in the United
  States, or 8 of the population, who have
  diabetes.
• Rising obesity rates may indicate that our
  generation will be the first in 100 years to
  promote a negative trend in life expectancy
• Cancer accounts for nearly 25 of all death in
  the United States

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The US Government

• National GDP is spent on healthcare costs alone
• Nearly 40-50 million people are living without
  any form of medical insurance
• Availability of medical intervention, the ability
  to afford it, and the willingness of more people
  to access more expensive healthcare these days is
  becoming a much more difficult
• Government based insurance subsidies
  Medicare/Medicaid are possibly the ideal model to
  pursue

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Nationalized System

• Proponents of a national system that meet the
  needs of all societal brackets
• National Health Insurance Dialogue
• Potential Pitfalls

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DISCUSSION question 1

• If you smoke but don't inhale, is there any
  danger?

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answer

• YES!
• Wherever smoke touches living cells, it does
  harm. Even if smokers don't inhale they are
  breathing the secondhand smoke and are still at
  risk for lung cancer. Pipe and cigar smokers, who
  often dont inhale, are at an increased risk for
  lip, mouth, tongue, and some other cancers.

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DISCUSSION question 2

• How much physical activity is enough?

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answer

• 30 to 60 minutes, on most days of the week, at
  50-80 percent of your maximum capacity.
• Studies show that people who have a low fitness
  level are much more likely to die early than
  people who have achieved even a moderate level of
  fitness.