Kelp forest

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Kelp forest

• By Cierra Murphy, Penelope Luna, Rhys Bailey,
• Davis Cline, Raji Maki and Steven Johnston

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Physical Description

• Full of kelp and different animals
• Cold because kelp forests live in cold, nutrient
  rich waters
• Towards the surface there is a lot of light
• Towards the bottom it is dark from the shadows of
  the kelp

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Biological Description

• A lot of kelp that grows very high, algae and
  other plant life
• A nursery for animal life

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Where they are found in the Northwest

• Some found off the coast of Oregon
• Most found off the coast of California and off
  Mexico

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Value of Kelp Forests

• Hundreds of animals depend on kelp forest because
  they live and breed there
• Kelp extract is found in everyday items like
  toothpaste, ice cream, and salad dressing

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Kelp Rock Fish

• Scientific name is Sebastes Atrovirens
• Adaptations are the spines on its back for
  protection against enemies and its color to blend
  in with the kelp
• They feed on small crabs, shrimps, amphipods,
  isopods, squids, and some fishes, including
  juvenile rockfishes.
• Humans hunt and eat them

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Giant Kelp Fish

• Scientific name is Heterostichus rostratus
• Adaptations are they change color to blend in,
  the shape of their bodies help them blend into
  kelp, and they males guard the eggs
• They eat crustaceans, small fish and mollusks
• Humans, sharks and turtles eat them

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California Barracuda

• Scientific name is sphyraena argentea
• Adaptations are they have teeth to catch prey,
  they pump jaws to move faster, move slow towards
  prey so they dont scare them away then snap to
  catch them
• They eat small fish
• Humans eat them

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Cabezon

• Scientific name is Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
• Adaptations are Their eggs are poisonous to
  humans, and many other mammals and birds. Their
  young drift out to sea, and then grow into small,
  silvery fish that often hide under mats of
  drifting kelp. As they grow older, the fish
  settle into tide pools, and then move to reefs
  and kelp forests.
• Diet crustaceans, fishes, mollusks

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Bat Ray

• Scientific name Myliobatis Californica
• Their adaptations are they have a venomous tail,
  they burry themselves in sand to catch prey, and
  They are able to locate prey by detecting the
  electrical fields produced by muscles and nerves
  of animals
• They eat shrimp, crabs, and bottom dwelling
  invertebrates
• Humans eat them

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Brown Turban snail

• Scientific name Tegula brunnea
• Adaptation The turban snail reproduces by
  releasing their eggs and sperm into the water
  where they collide and fertilization occurs
• What they feed on Their diet consist of several
  different forms of algae including diatoms and
  Bryozoans(moss animals)

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Sunflower Star

• Scientific name is Pycnopodia Helianthoides
• Adaptations are it has 24 arms, and a total of
  about 15,000 tube feet. It can move at up to 40
  inches per minute (0.038mph).
• It eats small invertebrates such as crabs,
  snails, sea cucumbers, other small shell animals,
  and other sea stars.

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Red Octopus

• Scientific name Octopus rubescens
• Adaptations are they can change color, they have
  an ink sacks for protection, and are small to fit
  in cracks between rocks
• They eat fish
• Humans and squid eat them

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California Moray Eel

• Scientific name is Gymnothorax Mordax
• Adaptations are their large teeth, their snake
  like bodies allow them to go between rocks, and
  it does not use gills to breathe
• They eat crustaceans, octopuses and small fish
• Humans eat them

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Lesser Scaup

• Scientific name is Aythya affinis
• Their adaptations are they are buoyant so they
  can float on water, they dive shallow by
  increasing blood volume and then blood oxygen
  stores while decreasing respiratory volume, body
  allows them to dive without floating back to
  surface
• They eat insect larvae, crustaceans, and mollusks
• Snapping turtles and larger birds eat them

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Sea Otter

• Scientific name is Enhydra Lutris
• Adaptations they tie themselves up in the kelp
  so they dont float away when they are sleeping
  and they are excellent swimmers
• They eat clams, snails, abalone, crabs, starfish,
  mussels, scallops, squid, chitons, small
  octopuses, sea urchins, prawns, sea cucumbers,
  limpets, marine worms, several types of fish, and
  a variety of other things
• Sharks, stellar sea lions, and killer whales eat
  otters

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Zonation

• Canopy zone- This zone is made up primarily of
  kelp. Specifically Macrocystis pyrifera. This
  kelp dominates the zone and prevents other
  species from growing here.
• Midwater zone(stipe zone)- This zone is the
  largest of the three. It is home to the most of
  the species of fish and kelp present in the kelp
  forest.
• Benthic zone- This zone is on the very bottom of
  the kelp forest. Here the kelp has no way to
  float and lay on the floor. Invertebrates
  overrun this zone and algae is growing on almost
  every surface.

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References

• http//life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/kelpforest.ht
  ml, Kelp Forests  
• http//sanctuaries.noaa.gov/about/ecosystems/kelpd
  esc.html, Ecosystems Kelp Forests Office of
  Natural Marine Sanctuaries, Apr. 26, 2007
• http//www.calstatela.edu/faculty/eviau/edit557/oc
  eans/norma/oklpfst.htm, The Kelp Forest 1994
• http//jellieszone.com/kelpforest.htm, Forests of
  Kelp Jellies Zone
• http//www.sanctuarysimon.org/monterey/sections/ke
  lpForests/overview.php?seckf, Monterey Bay
  Sanctuaries Kelp Forest SIMoN Organization