Unit 9 Chapter 33 Animal Behavior

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Unit 9Chapter 33Animal Behavior
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What is Behavior?

• Behavior
• A response to a stimulus
• Stimulus
• An environmental change that directly influences
  the activity of an organism
• Importance
• Behavior is an adaptive value to the organism,
  because natural selection favors certain behaviors

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Inherited behavior

• Innate behavior
• Genetically inherited, automatic response

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Inherited behavior

• Reflex
• A simple response involving no conscious control
• Usually acts to protect the organism from harm

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Inherited behavior

• Fight or flight response
• An automatic response controlled by hormones that
  mobilizes the body for greater activity in an
  emergency

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Inherited behavior

• Instinct
• A complex pattern of innate behavior that begins
  with the recognition of a stimulus and continues
  until all parts have been performed

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Inherited behavior

• Courtship behavior
• a type of instinctive behavior between the male
  female that ensures reproduction

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Inherited behavior

• Territory
• A physical space an animal defends against
  another member of its species
• Reduces competition among members of the same
  species

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Inherited behavior

• Aggressive behavior
• Used to intimidate another animal of the same
  species, delivers the message to keep away
• Ex birds songs, teeth baring, growling

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Inherited behavior

• Dominance hierarchy
• A form of social ranking in a group in which some
  individuals are more subordinate
• Usually has one top-ranking individual, who may
  lead others to food, shelter, etc

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Inherited behavior

• Circadian rhythm
• Light-regulated behavior, based on 24-hour cycle
  of the day
• May determine when an animal sleeps and wakes

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Inherited behavior

• Migration
• The instinctive, seasonal movement of animals
• Response may be to both temperature change and
  hormones

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Inherited behavior

• Hibernation
• A state in which the body temperature drops,
  oxygen consumption decreases, and breathing
  rates decline
• Purpose is to conserve energy
• (the summer version is called estivation)

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What is learned behavior?

• Learned behavior
• Occurs when the behavior changes through practice
  or experience
• Has survival value because it allows the animal
  to adapt to change in its environment

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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Habituation
• Occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a
  stimulus not associated with any punishment or
  reward
• An animal becomes habituated when it finally
  ceases to respond to the stimulus

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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Imprinting
• When an animal forms a social attachment to
  another animal or object
• Usually occurs early in life and allows the
  animal to recognize its mother and others of its
  species

Konrad Lorenz friends
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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Trial error learning
• When an animal gets a reward for making a
  particular response
• (an animal tries one
  solution and then
  another in the course
  of obtaining the reward)

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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Classical conditioning
• Learning by association
• (may be associated to a reward, punishment, or
  other motivation)

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Pavlovs dogs
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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Insight
• Learning in which the animal uses previous
  experience to respond to a new situation

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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Communication
• An exchange of information that results in a
  change of behavior
• They may signal each other by sound, sights,
  touches or smells

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Bee dance communicating distance
direction of food source
Ants following a pheromone trail
The whales song
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Kinds of Learned Behavior

• Language
• The use of symbols to represent ideas
• Primarily in animals with complex nervous
  systems, memory and insight

Koko Lucy