Marine Biomes

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Marine Biomes

• By Jeany Shin Jessica Yoo

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Introduction

• The marine biome is the largest biome on Earth.
  It covers about 70 of the Earths surface. It is
  home to some of the biggest animals that came
  from the Earth!

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Location

• The marine biome is located by the ocean or sea
  in lots of places. It might as well be surrounded
  by water even though it doesnt have to be. For
  example, Haeundae is a marine biome because the
  sea meets the shore down by the Haeundae Beach.

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Inter-Tidal Zone

• The inter-tidal zone is the area between the
  shore and the main ocean. The coastal area is not
  in a solid state of change because of the tidal
  waves. Coral lives here in this area.

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Pelagic Zone

• The pelagic zone is the area in the open sea.
  It is a habitat to quite a few types of animals
  and plants. It is also cold because it is near
  the bottom and has little sunlight.

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Benthic Zone

• The benthic zone is the area beneath the
  pelagic zone, which, in other words, is the deep
  sea. This place contains sand, silt, and
  decomposing organisms. There are very few plant
  species and the animals are usually
  micro-organisms or organisms, such as sponges,
  who feed down in the benthic zone. It is
  extremely cold because there is even less
  sunlight than in the pelagic zone and because the
  benthic zone is practically on the bottom of the
  marine biome.

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Abyssal Zone

• The abyssal zone is the area deepest in the
  marine biome. It is a home to a wide variety of
  animals like the abnormal, thought-to-be extinct,
  primitive coelacanth fish. There are also adapted
  fish that live in this area. These fish glow
  because of a process called photoluminescence. It
  is tremendously cold because there is no sunlight
  at all. You may be wondering how flora and fauna
  get there food. Well, they get it by the vents on
  the ocean floor, which are made by the
  continental plates. These vents release minerals
  that the bacteria that live there feed on. Then,
  the bacteria gets eaten by the micro-organisms.
  Afterwards, the micro-organisms change from
  predator to prey, or in other words victim or
  food. So on, this cycle continues.

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Plant Life Of The Marine Biome

• The plants of the marine biome are like normal
  plants they need sunlight to make food, in other
  words the process is called photosynthesis. There
  are a couple of important plants.
• One of them is algae. Algae makes a huge amount
  of our planets atmospheres oxygen and absorbs
  enormous quantities of CO2. A one cell type of
  algae called phytoplankton is in charge of
  producing half of the Earths atmospheres
  oxygen. Ranges of miniature fish to vast whales
  eat phytoplankton.
• If you put algae and animal tissues together,
  you get coral. Coral gets its food by
  photosynthesis like normal plants, but it can
  also get food like animals. This is how it
  adapted.
• Another type of plant is the kelp. Kelp
  provides food and shelter. Humans use it a ton
  and the kelp decreases the impact of the waves
  hitting the shore.

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Animals Of The Marine Biome

• Marine animals include mollusks and sea
  anemones, dolphins and whales, sea otters and
  seals, walruses and fish. Mollusks are different
  types of animals that have a piece that covers
  all or some of that animals body. A few examples
  are starfish and octopi. Theyve adapted by
  having thick fur hides and coats for the cold
  water.

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Cooperation Competition

• The bacteria cooperates with the
  micro-organisms and organisms by letting it eat
  it and the organisms let animals eat it. This is
  all cooperation.
• The competition between animals of the marine
  biome is sometimes for space. Spaces on a rock or
  hard, solid object is a home to mussels or
  barnacles, who stick themselves on to the rock or
  object. They rarely change spots, so the animals
  have to fight for the area before a rock-sticking
  animal comes and attaches itself to it.

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Abiotic Factors

• Abiotic factors are non-living things, so sand,
  underwater caves, wind, and currents are all
  abiotic factors. Precipitation is also an abiotic
  factor which is the main object in a marine
  biome. The abiotic factors of the marine biome
  are special because they have the most of the
  factors and some of the abiotic factors usually
  start in the marine biome like water and sand.

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Weather

• The marine biomes average temperature is 39F.
  The average precipitation is more than half of
  the Earths precipitation. Tourists should bring
  sunglasses and suntan oil, sunscreen and
  swimsuits. They are great supplies for a marine
  biome trip!

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Warnings

• Fireworks and throwing CO2 into the oceans are
  threats to this special biome. It ruins the
  environment and kills the animals.
• Two endangered species are sea turtles and blue
  fin tuna. They have both been hunted too much.
• There is only a fear of climate in the poles,
  but this isnt a unexpected change. Of course the
  poles are colder than average!

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Global Importance
Marine biomes are globally important because
they give the Earth a special variety of flora
and fauna. They are also important because they
supply lots of water and electricity within the
water. This helps power plenty of different
things. In addition, the marine biomes create
great trade routes. Traveling over the sea, if
not the air, is quite handy with the Earth being
covered in so much water.

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Attractions

• You could go to the beach and swim with the
  marine animals. You could also build sand castles
  and walk on the beach.
• Some points of interests are scuba diving,
  snorkeling, and surfing. You can see the ocean in
  a different angle and see new creatures.
• Some biomes near the marine biome are mountain
  biomes. After a good, long hike, you can go to
  the beach and rest.

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Bibliography

• http//www.angelfire.com/mo3/cariamber/endangered.
  html
• http//www.buzzle.com/articles/marine-biome-marine
  -biology.html
• http//www.animalsoftheworld.ecsd.net/biomes.htm
• http//kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/marine.html 
• http//rrms-biomes.tripod.com/id12.html
• http//www.marietta.edu/biol/biomes/competition.h
  tm
• http//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_abiotic_an
  d_biotic_factors_for_a_marine_biome

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Picture Bibliography

• http//www.talonz.com/projects/marine/images/seatu
  rtle.jpg
• http//www.cttech.org/VINAL/lmc/projects/biome/aqu
  atic2.jpg
• http//kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/images/mmlinksdophnoaa.
  png
• http//hannasyalala.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03
  /dreamland-beach-bali.jpg
• http//www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/k4/biomes/B
  overview5P1.gif
• http//www.happyandfree.com/Images/gallery/Videos/
  images/ThunderballCave-underwater.jpg
• http//www.worldbiomes.com/pics/AquaticBiome.jpg