Fire Safety Awareness Course

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FIRE SAFETY
PROFICIENCY BADGE LECTURE
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Learning Objectives

• Definition Classes of Fire
• Development of Fire
• Action to take when a fire break out
• Action to take when you are trapped in a fire
  situation
• Action to take when your clothes catch fire
• Action to take when evacuating from buildings

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Scope

• Introduction
• Definition, Concept Behavior of Fire
• Development of Fire
• Action to take when a fire breaks out
• Action to take when you are trapped in a fire
  situation
• Action to take when your clothes catch fire
• Action to take when evacuating from buildings
• Conclusion

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Basic Concepts Behaviour of Fire
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Best form of protection against fire is
PREVENTION
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Fire is a process of combustion usually
accompanied by a rapid release of heat and
light in varying intensities
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Classification of Fire

• Class A
• Fires involving ordinary combustible materials
  such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many
  plastics
• Class B
• Fires involving flammable/combustible liquids,
• greases and gases
• Class C
• Fires involving energised electrical equipment
• Class D
• Fires involving combustibles metals, such as
  magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium and
  potassium

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Basic Stages of Fire Development

• Initial
• Develop from its point of origin
• Flashover
• Occurred in confined space
• Fire spreads rapidly
• Full Development
• Fully developed burning at/near its max
  intensity
• Decay
• Depletion of oxygen/fuel
• Fire is slowing down

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INITIAL FIRE
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PRE-FLASHOVER
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FLASHOVER
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BUILD UP TO FLASHOVER
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a) The fire starts in a waste paper basket.
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b) No presence of smoke layer yet. The plume has
yet to reach the ceiling. Temperatures at ceiling
level are rising.
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c) A smoke layer is starting to build up in the
room. Temperatures at ceiling level are rising.
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d) The smoke layer is getting thicker and the
fire is starting to spread to nearby furniture.
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e) Flashover has occurred. The flame totally
fills the compartment.
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• Do not panic
• Do not dash through fire
• Move into unaffected room (preferably one which
  is overlooking a corridor or street)
• Cover gap below door to prevent entry of smoke
• Signal for help
• Do not jump out of building

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Move to a safe room
Seal door opening
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Call 995 and give location and fire details
Shout for help
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Always remember Do not attempt to jump out off
the building, help is on the way!!!
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Escaping through Smoke
If you have to escape through smoke, keep low by
crawling on your hands and knees. In a fire,
smoke will naturally rise leaving some fresh air
about 30cm to 60cm off the floor. Crawling keeps
your head in this safety zone, away from the
smokes toxic content.
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If your clothes catch fire!
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Fire Evacuation

• lt8-storey
• single stage alarm
• evacuate immediately
• total evacuation upon hearing the alarm
• gt8-storey lt 30-storey
• 2-stage alarm
• 1st alarm alert signal standby for total
  evacuation
• 2nd alarm is activated on all floors upon
  confirmation of fire

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Total Evacuation upon 1st alarm
Fire floor
lt 8-storeys
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Total Evacuation upon 2nd alarm
Fire floor
8 - 30-storeys
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Fire Evacuation

• 31-storey gt31-storey
• 2 stage alarm phase evacuation
• 1st alarm will sound to alert
• 2nd alarm will sound to evacuate by phases
• 1st phase, occupants on the fire floor, 2 floors
  above 2 floors below
• 2nd phase, occupants on all floors above fire
  floor
• 3rd phase, all floors below the fire floors

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2 floors above
Phase 2
Phase 1
Fire floor
2 floors below
gt 30 - storey
Phase 3
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