Next Generation SATCOM NexSAT Steering Group 4th Meeting

1
Next Generation SATCOMNexSAT Steering Group4th
Meeting

• Steve Kong, Dave Morse

2
Agenda

• Requirements for Next Generation SATCOM
• SATCOM Industry Activities
• Roadmap for Datalink over Aero-BGAN
• Trials and Simulations of Inmarsats MPDS as a
  Voice over IP Service
• Synergies between NexSAT and Boeing efforts
• Going Forward

3
Requirements for Next Generation SATCOM

• Steve Kong

4
Overall Requirements

• Satellite System with the following capabilities
• Safety Services Compliant (L-BAND)
• For Cockpit Voice and Data Communications
• Existing Aero-H Voice
• Existing ACARS Data Data-2 (FANS), Data-3
  (ATN)
• Future Party-Line/Multi-Cast Voice
• Future ATN FANS
• Passenger Airline Services (Multi-Band)
• For Cabin/Crew Voice and Data Services
• Passenger Telephony (VoIP and PICO Cell)
• Passenger IP Data (Broadband Internet)
• Airline e-enable connectivity requirements
• Is there such a system available or planned that
  satisfies all of the above?

5
ATS SATCOM Plans _at_ Boeing

• Inmarsat Aero-BGAN
• Uses L-Band Spectrum
• Satisfies Current and Future Cockpit and Cabin
  Services
• Expectation for Inmarsat BGAN Safety Service
  availability circa. 2010
• Key to Widespread Adoption
• Technology already used on majority widebody
  aircraft
• Easily adaptable to domestic narrow body aircraft
• Needs to be affordable Valid Business Case

6
Future ATS Requirements

• Services
• Enhanced ADS (increased reporting rate, reduced
  latency)
• Messaging (supports enhanced CPDLC services)
• Generic bi-directional data connectivity (future
  introduction of ATS services)
• Party-line voice
• Broadcast/Multicast Services (TIS, FIS, other)
• Avionics (Need to get airspace users to equip)
• Cost Effective
• Options for Long Range Communication System
  (LRCS) certification (Dual SATCOM)
• Level D (Level C?) certification
• Accessibility to Transport, Military, GA, etc.

7
SATCOM Industry Activities

• Steve Kong

8
Boeing Led Industry Activities

• Why - do we need a change?
• Provide operating economics not possible in
  existing SATCOMS
• Fulfill Future Air Transport Requirements
• What - is required?
• Develop new standard with only one form factor.
  Not like Aero-I (ARINC761)
• When - will this happen?
• All parties committed to developing new standard
  (March 2004)
• APIM approved in April 2004
• Affordable certifiable avionics expected in 2007
  (evolution required for BGAN Safety Services
  target 2010)

9
Avionics Advancements

• Core System comprises the following
• 2 x Voice-2 Channels, 1 x Data-2 Channels
  (Aero-H Functionality)
• 2 x BGAN/Swift-64 Channels (Integrated)
• HPA _at_ approx 40-60W (Integrated)

To this
From this
ARINC 7XX? 6 MCU
ARINC 741 18 MCU
SDU 6 MCU
RFU 4 MCU
HPA 8MCU
Combined SDU/RFU/HPA 2 x BGAN/S-64 6 MCU
Preferred Form Factor
Large/Heavy Antenna
Small/Lightweight Antenna
HGA
Both are 12dBic
HGA
10
Boeing Airplane Implementations

• Wide Body Implementation 747, 777, 7E7
• (Single System or Dual Redundant System for LRCS)
• ETOPS Require SATCOM for Dispatch and Operations
• LRCS certification Provides airlines the option
  of carrying one HF (But not designed to replace
  HF).
• Voice-2/Data-2 for ATS. Safety AOC data ATC
  Voice
• BGAN for EFB/AHM, AAC, APC non-safety AOC data
• Internet, Email, SMS (E-enabled)
• Pico-Cell mobile phone use
• Narrow Body Implementation 737 717
• (Single System)
• Voice-2/Data-2 for ATS, Safety AOC data ATC
  Voice
• BGAN for EFB/AHM, AAC, APC non-safety AOC data
• Internet, Email, SMS (E-enabled)
• Pico-Cell mobile phone use

11
Small Aircraft / Rotorcraft - ATS SATCOM Only

• Objective Omni-BGAN SATCOM only
• Low Gain (Omni-directional) Antenna
• 2 MCU SDU/HPA
• Single BGAN Channel
• For packet mode voice data
• Approx 50-60kbps
• Typical HPA approx 5W
• As a minimum Safety Services compliant (single
  channel voice data)

12
Air Transport Requirements

• Compatible with existing High Gain Antennas (HGA)
  and Intermediate Gain Antennas (IGA)
• Require genuine improvements in size, weight,
  cooling and costs
• Simple installation and troubleshooting
• ETOPS 5.5hrs LRCS Certification
• FAA Regulation Change 14 CFR 121.99 proposes to
  have SATCOM or other reliable communication
  source for ETOPS gt180 min (all airplane types)
• Emergency Low Power Mode
• Survivability during passively cooled operations
• SATCOM to be used on non-sheddable power bus

13
Roadmap for Datalink Over Aero-BGAN

• Dave Morse

Work funded by Boeing FAA under GCNSS contract
14
Motivation of Next Generation SATCOM for ATS

• The majority of credible future ATM operational
  concepts are based, in part, on the negotiation
  and clearance of conflict free 4-D trajectories
• Requires a pervasive air-ground datalink service
  enabling direct communication between ground
  automation systems and the FMC (Flight Management
  Computer)
• Numerous datalink technologies, supported by the
  standards bodies, are competing to become the
  standard
• e.g. CPDLC ATN message set over VDL, DAP over
  1090ES
• FANS over SatCom (and VDL), is currently used
  operationally with application functionality
  similar to the intended end goal
• FANS exhibits certain limitations (latency,
  message delivery reliability, service cost,
  avionics cost, voice service) that can be
  overcome via the next generation Inmarsat system

15
Operational Benefits Services
Operational Benefits
CS Services
Focus of GCNSS Operation Analysis

• Reduced separation
• From 30nmi lat. x 30nmi longitudinal
• To 10nmi lat. x 10nmi longitudinal
• Future Operational Concepts
• 4-D trajectory operations
• New AOC IP Based Applications
• Passenger Productivity Entertainment

• ATC seamless voice, party-line voice
• Enhanced ADS
• Reduced latency
• Increased reporting rate
• CPDLC
• Reduced latency
• Increased throughput
• Continuity across spot-beams
• General IP Connectivity
• VoIP interface to on-board micro-cell

Cost / Benefit Justification


16
Candidate Areas for Implementations/Trials
Gulf of Mexico / WATRS
17
Transition Opportunities for Aero-BGAN
Mid Term
Far Term
Near Term
POA /AOA
ATN VDLm2
ATN VDLm3
Future Terrestrial
Terrestrial
NextGen SatCom
Aero H/I
Aero- BGAN
Aero- BGAN Omni
SatCom
Safety of Life Services (Separation Management)
Beyond 2020
Today
2005
2010
2015
18

Separation End Game
Where XltYltZ
19
C, N S for Reduced Separation
20
Communication and Controller Intervention Latency
Breakdown Documented Proposed Notional

• Uplink time is a small fraction of the latency
  budget
• Voice eliminates message generation time
• Display update time is 3x radar update but can be
  much less for ADS
• The 10nmi/10nmi separation is roughly equivalent
  to en-route VHF
• The 2 min. and 3 min. in these latency budgets do
  not account for the retries that are included in
  the 3 min. and 6 min. allocations in the last
  table

21
Voice and Surveillance Over BGAN(Proposed
Concepts)

• Enhanced ADS
• FANS/ATN over IP
• Tunnel FANS/ATN ADS messages through an IP tunnel
  or IP messaging
• Leverage existing ACARS network(s)
• Eases transition by limiting avionics changes
• Party-line Voice
• Voice over IP (IP Multicast)
• Evaluating Operational Concepts
• Reuse SatCom interface into the Audio Control
  Panel
• Controller override
• Multiple options for pilot step-on prevention
  still requiring evaluation

22
Follow-on Areas for Implementations/Trials
China FANS Routes (Reducing the need for VHF
Deployment)
NexSAT European
23
Avionics Transition Architecture
New or Modified Avionics
Legend
SDU Aero H/H MPDS(IAI)
Analog Voice
Avionics data bus
Satellite
Ethernet 802.3
Optional
FANS Connection

• Tunnel Server ACARS and ATN Encapsulation
  Endpoint
• VoIP Server Convert from analog to digital
  voice suppress echo
• Router Layer 3 Comm

CMU / ACARS MU
Flight Mgmt
Multifunction Control / Display Unit
VHF Data Link
VHF
VHF Voice
VHF
Audio Selector Panel
24
Avionics Transition Architecture
New or Modified Avionics
Legend
SDU Aero H/H MPDS(IAI) IAI2
Analog Voice
Avionics data bus
Satellite
Ethernet 802.3
Optional
Backup FANS Connection
VoIP Server

• Tunnel Server ACARS and ATN Encapsulation
  Endpoint
• VoIP Server Convert from analog to digital
  voice suppress echo
• Router Layer 3 Comm

Router (QoS, Policy)
Tunnel Server
CMU / ACARS MU
Flight Mgmt
Multifunction Control / Display Unit
VHF Data Link
VHF
VHF Voice
VHF
Audio Selector Panel
25
Avionics Transition Architecture
Optional Avionics
New or Modified Avionics
Legend
Electronic Flight Bag
Other Crew Apps
Passenger Services
SDU Aero H/H MPDS(IAI) IAI2
Analog Voice
Avionics data bus
Satellite
Ethernet 802.3
Optional
Aircraft IP Network(s)
Backup FANS Connection
VoIP Server

• Tunnel Server ACARS and ATN Encapsulation
  Endpoint
• VoIP Server Convert from analog to digital
  voice suppress echo
• Router Layer 3 Comm

Router (QoS, Policy)
Tunnel Server
CMU / ACARS MU
Flight Mgmt
Multifunction Control / Display Unit
VHF Data Link
VHF
VHF Voice
VHF
Audio Selector Panel
26
Avionics Transition Architecture
27
Conclusions of the Study

• BGAN offers the potential to remedy FANS/ATM
  shortcomings, making enhanced datalink via SatCom
  pervasive
• Avionics cost is a key factor that must be
  addressed early to guarantee success
• Developing a party-line voice service over SatCom
  that is accepted by pilots and controllers will
  likely prove the greatest technical/political
  challenge

28
Evaluation Simulation of Inmarsat MPDS/BGAN as
a VoIP Service

• Reviewing and analyzing the proposed Inmarsat PTT
  Net Radio architecture
• Report anticipated in December 2004
• Evaluate technical and cost aspects of proposed
  implementation(s)
• Leverage recent efforts on the FAA GCNSS Contract
• Developed OpNet models of Swift-64 MPDS
• Conducted laboratory experiments and measurement
• Created laboratory emulation for qualitative
  evaluation and general customer education

29
NexSAT and Boeing Synergy

• High Level Mission Requirements (HLMR)
• Consistency with Boeing Vision
• Suggested Additional Requirements we will
  submit written comments
• Voice and Data CoS (MACONDO)
• Need analytical operational analysis to justify
  voice and data requirements (availability,
  latency, integrity, etc)
• Additional CoS for Party Line voice could provide
  cost effective solution for oceanic/low density
  regions and ECAC En-route

30
Going Forward

• Steve Kong

31
Key Considerations

• Satellites are not yet utilized to their
  potential in ATM(only for limited Oceanic
  datalink)
• Satellite based communications Expensive,
  Latency and Equipage....
• Our first step should be to reverse this opinion
• Avionics cost reduction is important but
  cost/value optimization is key
• Competing efforts will be mutually destructive
• Small market segment
• Avionics pricing/volume are key factors
• A key satellite benefit is global reach, we
  cannot show this without a unified global effort

32
How Can We Work Together?

• Work with NexSAT to develop a SATCOM operational
  concept (for voice and data) for ECAC airspace,
  drawing on the work of other groups (e.g. VDLm3?)
• Identify the deltas between Aero-BGAN design
  capabilities and operational concept. If
  acceptable
• Consider the Inmarsat Aero-BGAN system as a
  candidate satellite system (Refine HLMR as
  required)
• Boeing is working with industry to define BGAN
  Safety Service requirements. Request NexSAT
  Participation
• Pool resources and expertise to address items
  such as network security, availability and
  regulatory implementations