May 8, 2002

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3rd Annual Electronics Recycling SUMMIT
Research and Development Needs in the
Electronics Recycling Industry
May 8, 2002 San Francisco, CA
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Working Group Leaders

• Reggie J. Caudill, New Jersey Institute of
  Technology
• Edward Grenchus, IBM Corporation
• Glenn Kuntz, Concurrent Technologies
  Corporation
• David Dickinson, NJIT MERC (formerly with
  Lucent )
• R. Charles Boelkins, Georgia Dept of Natural
  Resources
• Richard Lehman, Rutgers University
• Jane Ammons, Georgia Tech

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Working Group Team Members

• Brenda Baney, DELCO Electronic Systems
• Earl Beaver, Bridges to Sustainability
• Scott Campbell, IBM Corporation
• Gary DiRusso, Lifecycle Business Partners
• Michael Fisher, American Plastics Council
• Ketan Limaye, Concurrent Technologies
  Corporation
• Michael Magliaro, Lifecycle Business Partners
• Joseph Nardone, Envirocycle

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Working Group Team Members

• Thomas Nosker, Rutgers University
• Mathew Realff, Georgia Tech
• Asif Shaikh, IBM Corporation
• Steve Skurnac, Micrometallics Corporation
• Gregory Voorhees, Envirocycle
• Marino Xanthos, New Jersey Institute of
  Technology
• Larry Yehle, IBM Corporation

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Objective of RD Needs Study
Long-term Objective To create and monitor
projects that will support the infrastructure
towards a goal of sustainability with zero
waste. Objective for Year 1 To identify and
prioritize critical RD needs leading to future
projects that will support the infrastructure
towards a goal of sustainability with zero waste.
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Motivation
The electronics recycling industry is driven by
ever increasing pressures to improve operational
efficiencies, reduce costs and maximize value.
In order to achieve these expectations and
realize the full potential of this industry, a
concerted effort must be undertaken to assure
access to the most efficient technologies,
operational strategies and management practices
possible. In the long term, success requires
that a strong research and development base
dedicated specifically to the needs of the
electronics recycling industry be established
an RD stream flowing seamlessly from discovery
to application
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Purpose
To date, the research and development
infrastructure supporting this industry has been
fairly disjoint and uncoordinated with no broad
based effort to define needs and recommend
directions The purpose of this study is to
bridge this gap by better understanding the RD
needs of the industry in order to identify and
prioritize critical projects that support the
infrastructure towards a goal of sustainability
with zero waste.
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Scope
The study is looking at the RD needs not only at
the end-of-life stage of products but all along
the extended supply chainthose industry segments
operating both upstream and downstream of the
electronic recyclers. This broad systems
perspective reflects the interactions and
linkages that exist between product
manufacturers, logistics and collection
infrastructure, recyclers, and a host of
customers in the secondary marketplace.
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Framework
Four topical thrust areas were identified which
provided a framework to discuss the RD needs and
structure the evaluation. The topical thrusts
and major RD areas are described below 1.
Electronic Product Manufacturers      
Design for Environment (DfE)         Materials
and Processing       Enterprise Integration
and Decision Support, including performance
evaluation         Product Tracking    
Regulatory and Policy Concerns, including
restricted/regulated materials  
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Framework
2. Collection Infrastructure and
Logistics/Reverse Logistics   System
Analysis, Modeling and Simulation     Operations
Management     Equipment and Technologies   
Regulatory and Policy Concerns, including
restricted/regulated materials  
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Framework

• 3. Recycling Technologies and Operational
  Support Systems
•    Materials Recovery Metals, Glass, Plastics,
  and Electronics
•    Disassembly Processes and Systems Operations
•    Recycling Facility Management and Operational
  Support, including performance evaluation
• Regulatory and Policy Concerns, including
  restricted/regulated materials

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Framework

• 4. Market Development for Secondary Materials and
  Components
•     New Markets for Recovered Materials
  Plastics and Glass
•      Business Strategies
•      Regulatory and Policy Concerns, including
  restricted/regulated materials

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Leveraging Efforts
We would like to acknowledge the National Science
Foundation (NSF) Workshop on Environmentally
Benign Manufacturing for input on product design
issues. Some of the Working Group members
participated in the NSF workshop and levered
their insights and discussions on RD issues with
both initiatives.
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Status

• A draft document has been prepared and is in
  the review process.
• Some of the subsections are still under
  development.
• RD issues need to be prioritized.
• These areas will be discussed at the Roundtable
  today.
• We welcome everyone to participatetoday and
  tomorrowto make sure this study addresses the
  full RD needs of the industry and adds real
  value for you.

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3rd Annual Electronics Recycling SUMMIT
Report Back to SUMMIT from RD Focus Area
Roundtable
May 8, 2002 San Francisco, CA
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Roundtable Participants

• Chuck Boelkins, Georgia Dept of Natural
  Resources
• David Dickinson, NJIT MERC (formerly with
  Lucent )
• Dan Fadgen, Universal Solutions, Intl
• Paul Galbraith, CTC
• Bill Hoffman, Motorola
• Craig Lorch, Total Reclaim, Inc.
• Chet McNamara, Salvage I
• Betty Patton, Environmental Practices
• Andreas Schneider, Sony International Europe
• Richard Zahrobsky, SI Technology

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Agenda of Roundtable
OFF TO A GOOD STARTPete threw us out of our
meeting room. SHOWTIMEViewed a video on new
process technology for compounding commingled
recycled plastics into usable feedstock. GOT DOWN
TO BUSINESSReviewed working draft document,
discussed RD issues for each research thrust
areas, and identified priority issues for each
area.
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RD Topical Thrusts

• Electronic Product Manufacturers
• Collection Infrastructure and Logistics/ Reverse
  Logistics
• 3. Recycling Technologies and Operational
  Support Systems
• 4. Market Development for Secondary Materials
  and Components

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Electronic Product Manufacturers

• Design for Environment (DfE)
• 1. To develop quantitative,
  scientific-based sustainability metrics and
  streamlined LCA which can be easily integrated
  into design and decision support frameworks.
  Emphasis should be given to end-of-life
  management with concern for reuse/recycling
  hierarchy.
• 2. To provide integrated, shared databases
  that are accessible, controlled for proper
  access, complete, and accurate.

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Electronic Product Manufacturers
Materials and Processing 1. To explore the
linkage between secondary feedstock material
composition and consistency and the recycling
technology and processing employed to recover the
materials. Concern should address potential risk
from an EHS perspective and examine the question
of what and how materials should be recycled to
truly minimize lifecycle environmental impact.
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Electronic Product Manufacturers
Materials and Processing 2. To perform
qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the
effect of contaminants in the waste stream to
determine the levels of purity or separation
required to generate useful feedstocks from the
waste stream and relate to product design
criteria
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Electronic Product Manufacturers
Enterprise Integration and Decision Support
1. To achieve horizontal and vertical
integration of product and process data into a
single enterprise-wide information system
2. To explore strategies to implement and
integrate DfE seamlessly into the corporate
structure
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Electronic Product Manufacturers
Product Tracking 1. Devise and implement
unit identifiers that are historically unique to
preserve tracking capability and accountability,
I.e. product recall, and to merge product
tracking data to outbound fulfillment data.
2. To explore cost-effective photo-chemical
taggants into polymers to enable efficient
high-speed automated sorting by resin type.
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Collection Infrastructure Logistics
1. To develop robust, verifiable models to
estimate numbers of EOL computers, televisions
and other electronic equipment accumulated and
forecast in the residential sector. 2. To
investigate hazardous material composition in
electronic components and determine appropriate
handling, shipping and recovery options. 3.
To benchmark collection infrastructures and
associated models developed for other industry
sectors and extend to electronics recycling.
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Collection Infrastructure Logistics
1. To develop robust, verifiable models to
estimate numbers of EOL computers, televisions
and other electronic equipment accumulated and
forecast in the residential sector. 2. To
investigate hazardous material composition in
electronic components and determine appropriate
handling, shipping and recovery options. 3.
To benchmark collection infrastructures and
associated models developed for other industry
sectors and extend to electronics recycling.
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Recycling Technologies Operational Support
Systems
1. A cost-effective process for recovering
precious metals, base metals, and nonmetal
materials from printed circuit card assemblies
while minimizing environmental impacts associated
with processing. 2. Low-cost, high-speed
methods to accurately and efficiently identify
different types and blends of plastic materials
at the flake level. 3. High-throughput,
cost-effective methods of processing (cutting,
cleaning, sorting,) CRT glass into furnace-ready
cullet to satisfy an identified market demand
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Recycling Technologies Operational Support
Systems
4.  For reuse, an ability to quickly cross
reference various OEM part numbers and
descriptions with cost effective identification
Manufacturer name, model and serial number, asset
verification, etc . 5. An improved process
to receive and verify electronic equipment
requiring demilitarization or asset protection .
6. Visual identification aides (color coding)
that identify the location and type of hazardous
materials, the location and type of fasteners,
the location or type of industry standard parts
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Recycling Technologies Operational Support
Systems
7. The EPA should expeditiously promulgate it's
final ruling for CRT-containing products and
allow for the hazardous waste regulation
exemption if this material is used in the
manufacture of new CRT-type glass, other glass
products, or used in a lead smelter as a fluxing
agent. The burden of the RCRA hazardous waste
regulation should not impede the beneficial
recycling of end of life electronic equipment,
especially for uses which are economically viable
and have positive environmental performance over
existing products.
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Market Development for Secondary Mat'l
Components
1. A critical need for product development is to
develop products and processes that are
sufficiently robust with regard to raw material
variability that they can tolerate the
fluctuations in reclaimed material supply. 2.
To benchmark existing materials/products used in
the building and construction industry to
identify and screen potential new end-use
applications for recycled materials in terms of
cost and performance requirements then, match
to e-waste characteristics.
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Next Steps for the RD Working Group

• Modify current working draft document to include
  comments from roundtable discussions and any
  other input from the SUMMIT participants6/15/02.
• Review revised document by expanded working group
  members6/30/02.
• Final draft completed and ready for
  dissemination7/30/02.
• Meet with NSF/EPA program managers 9/15/02.