New Horizon College English Book Two Unit One Time-Conscious

1
New Horizon College English
Book Two
Unit One
2
Time-Conscious Americans
Section A
3

• Teaching Aims
• 1. To help the students understand the structure
  and the main idea of the text
• 2. To help the students understand the difficult
  sentences in the text
• 3. To help the students learn some important
  words, phrases and structures in the text
• 4. To help the students master the writing of a
  paragraph of a general statement supported by
  specific details and reasons
• 5. To help the students learn some cultural
  differences between China and America.

4

• Preview
• 1.Read the text again and again and try to
  understand the Band-4 words with the help of the
  context.
• 2. Divide the text into three parts and try to
  find the main idea of each part and the central
  idea of the whole text.
• 3. Pay special attention to the following
  difficult points

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• (1). This attitude results in(L 2)
• (2). Time is one of the two elements (L 3)
• (3). City people always (L 11)
• (4). This is because (L 18)
• (5). Americans do not assess (L 27)
• (6). we communicate rapidly (L 33)
• (7). However, people(L 40)
• (8). This is due partly to (L 46)
• (9). Assignments are (L50)

6

• 4. Try to find some famous sayings or proverbs
  about time.
• 5. What does time-conscious mean? Do you think
  you are time-conscious?
• Please give some examples of being
  time-conscious.
• 6. Active Words
• replace, brief, convention, assess, generally,
  device, electronic, significance,conduct, obtain,
  whereas, skillful,skillfulness, competent,
  fulfill.

7

• 7. Try to find some great differences between
  Sino-American culture.

8

• Warming-up
• 1. Do you know any famous sayings or proverbs
  about time?

9
Proverbs of time Read the following proverbs.
Have you ever learnt them? What are the Chinese
versions for them?
10
1.    1. Time works wonders.
2. Time tries
truth.  
???????
???????
11
3. Time is the best healer.
4. Time and tide wait for
no man.
???????????
??????(?????)
12
5. All time is no time when it is past.
????,?????
13

• 2. What does time-conscious mean? Do you think
  you are time-conscious?
• Please give some examples of being
  time-conscious.
• 3. Whats the Americans attitude towards
  time?(Paragraph 2)
• 4. How do Americans save time in their daily life
  ?(Paragraphs3,5-7)
• 5. How do they save time in doing business?
• (Paragraph 4)

14

• 1) Americans believe no one stands still.
• 2) We are slaves to nothing but the clock.
• 3) Time is treated as if it were something
  almost real.
• 4) We want every moment to count.
• 5) Time is always ticking in our inner ear.
• 6) Assignments are felt to be added weight by
  the passage of time.

15

• Structure Analysis

• Central topic
• Time-conscious Americans
• (Time is one of the two
• elements that Americans
• save carefully, the other
• being labor Para. 1)

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Americans save time carefully. (Para. 1)

• Americans attitude towards time and how they try
  to save time
• in daily life and in business (Paras. 2-7)

Americans save time in their daily life.(Para.3)
Time is a precious source.(Para. 2)
Americans save time in doing business. (Para.4)
Americans produce labor-saving devices in order
to save time.(Paras.5-7)
It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being
competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job
successfully with speed in the US. (Para.8)
17

• Difficult Sentences
• 1. This attitude results in(L 2)
• 2. Time is one of the two elements (L 3)
• 3. City people always (L 11)
• 4. This is because (L 18)
• 5. Americans do not assess (L 27)
• 6. we communicate rapidly (L 33)
• 7. However, people(L 40)
• 8. This is due partly to (L 46)
• 9. Assignments are (L50)

18

• Important Sentence Structures
• 1. much less (L28)
• ( See Exercise ?, P10)

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and even less likely
much less (also still less)
FOR EXAMPLE
We must not think of this writer as a radical
socialist politician, much less a leader of a
revolution. ?????????????????????,???????????
Now you try
?????????, ????????? She wouldnt take a drink,
still/much less stay for dinner.
20

• 2. whereas (L47)
• (See Exercise ?)

21
but, in contrast while
whereas conj.

• We thought she did not like us, whereas in fact
  she was very shy.
• ??????????,????????????
• They want a house, whereas/while we would rather
  live in a flat.
• ????????, ??????????????

FOR EXAMPLE
Now you try
????????, ???????????? Their country has plenty
of oil, whereas/ while ours has none.
22

• 3. given (L35) taking into account
• ( Compare given---if sb. is given
• e.g. Given me more time, I will do it better.
  )

23
taking into account
given (that) prep.
FOR EXAMPLE
Given their inexperience, theyve done a good
job. Given that they are inexperienced, theyve
done a good job. ?????????,?????????
Notice that given is followed by a noun
phrase, while given that is followed by a
finite clause.
Now you try
?????????,???????????
Given her interest in children, teaching should
be the right career for her.
24

• 4. The morethe more (L53)
• ( Revision )
• (The more books we read, the cleverer we will be.
  )

25

• 5. have little or no relation to (L 37)
• The change of his mind has no relation to
• the weather.
• ????????????,????????? ?????????
• Some people dont care about the preservation of
  wild animals, for they think it has no relation
  to the matter at hand.

26

• Important Words and Phrases
• 1. result in (L2) ( His laziness resulted in
  his failure in the competition.)
• result from ( The car accident resulted
  from the bad weather. )
• as a result ( He fell from the bike. As a
  result, he couldnt go to work.)
• as the (a)result of ( He hurt his leg as a
  result of his fall from the bike. )

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• 2. replace (L9)
• take the place of
• instead of
• e. g.
• Typewriters have been replaced by computers .
• In Guilin city, many new buildings have taken
  the place of old houses.
• As you are busy, Ill attend the meeting
  instead of you.

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• 3. be worthy of (L50)
• worth
• worthwhile

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merit, deserve
be worthy of
FOR EXAMPLE

• He is worthy of our praise/help. ???????/???
• acts worthy of punishment ?????????

Compare worth, worthy, worthwhile
30
merit, deserve
be worthy of
worth It is worth (doing) sth. worthy Sth.
is worthy of n. /being done /to
be done worthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do
sth.
Now you try
???????? The matter is worth consideration/conside
ring. The matter is worthy of consideration/being/
to be considered. It is worthwhile considering/to
consider the matter.
31

• 4. competent (52)
• be competent for
• be competent to do sth.
• e.g. She is competent for the task of selling
  cars.
• Im competent to teach English at
  college.

32

• Practice Make a sentence with each of the above
  mentioned words, phrases and structures
• 1. much less
• 2. whereas
• 3. given (that)
• 4. The morethe more
• 5. have little or no relation to
• 6. result in , result from, as a result, as a
  (the) result of
• 7. replace, take the place of, instead of
• 8. be worthy of , worth, worthwhile

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• 9. competent (52)
• be competent for
• be competent to do sth

34
Expressions Patterns---Expressions

• 1. ??

• to fall behind (L.1)

????

• ?????????????

• Africa falls far behind Europe in industry.

35

• 2. ??,??

• to result in (L.2)

????

• ?????????????

• Bad living habits will result in disease.

36

• 3. ???(????????)

commit to (researching,experimenting and
exploring)(L.2)
????

• ?????????????????????

• People of all walks of life have committed
  themselves to the fight against SARS.

37

• 4.?????

to take it personally (L.18)
????

• ????????????
• ????????????

You mustnt take her negative comments of your
plan personally.
38

• 5. ?????

to account for (L.6)
????

• ???????????????

This corrupt official couldnt account for the
source of his income.
39

• 6. ????

be under pressure (L.11)
????

• ????????????
• ??????

College students are under the big pressure of
employment .
40

• 7. ???????(?????)

(get back to work) within the time allowed
(L.15)
????

• ??????????
• ????????

The senior students are required to hand in
their papers within the time allowed.
41

• 8. ????(????)

(waste the time) beyond a certain appropriate
point (L.20)
????

• ??????,????????????

Nobody likes her, because she always behaves
beyond a certain appropriate point.
42

• 9.????????????????

• the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming
• cup of tea or coffee (L.23)

????

• ?????????????

A healthy mind goes with a healthy body.
43

• 10. ???????

to develop a sense of trust (L.29)
????

• ???????????
• ??????????

The visit of President Nixon developed a sense of
trust between China and America.
44

• 11. (???)??(????)

to fulfill (a job successfully) (L.53)
????

• ???????????
• ?????????

Each citizen in our society should fulfill his
duties.
45

• 12. ??

pour into (L.54)
????

• ???????
• ????????

• A great number of peasant workers poured into big
  cities to look for jobs.

46
After-reading Activities---Summary of the Text

• Summarize the passage using the tips below.
• 1. concerned about time
• 2. consider time a precious resource.
• 3. always in a rush
• 4. exchange smiles or brief
  conversations
• 5. use quite a few labor-saving devices
  
• 6. more and more popular
• 7. is saved for after-work hours or for
  social
• weekend gatherings
• 8. fulfilling a job successfully is a
  sign of

47
Summary

• Americans are particularly concerned about time.
  They clearly realize that life is short and
  consider time a precious resource. Visitors may
  find that Americans are always in a rush and
  under great pressure in daily life. They dont
  usually exchange smiles or brief conversations
  because they resent wasting time. Americans
  generally assess and inquire about others
  professionally rather
• than socially, so they start talking business
  directly without opening exchanges.

48
Summary

• In order to save time, Americans use quite a
  few labor-saving devices like telephones, faxes,
  or emails. Electronic communication is becoming
  more and more popular, while most personal
  visiting, which though pleasant, takes longer, is
  saved for after-work hours or for social weekend
  gatherings. In the US, unlike in some other
  countries, quickly solving a problem or
  fulfilling a job successfully is a sign of
  skillfulness or being
• competent.

49

• Further Discussion
• 1. Work in pairs, and comment on one of the
  following
• statements
• 1) Americans believe no one stands still.
• 2) We are slaves to nothing but the clock.
• 3) Time is treated as if it were something
  almost
• real.
• 4) We want every moment to count.
• 5) Time is always ticking in our inner ear.
• 6) Assignments are felt to be added weight by
  the
• passage of time.

50

• 2. Talk about the differences in the following
  aspects between American culture and Chinese
  culture
• 1) Individualism
• 2) Privacy
• 3) Casualness
• 4) Openness and Straightforwardness
• 5) Independence

51

• 1) Americans adore individualism, while Chinese
  stress more on family and social rank.
• 2) Generally speaking, Americans respect others
  privacy they never ask others questions like
  age, salary and marital status even between
  intimate friends. Self-invited quests are never
  welcomed.
• 3) Americans are very casual in social
  communication. Its very natural for them to call
  the first name of their teachers or elders
  whereas in Chinese this is considered rather to
  be rude.
• 4) Americans are very open and straightforward in
  professional discussion. On the contrary, the
  Chinese will not argue face to face.

52

• 5) Americans are usually independent and their
  parents also encourage them to leave home early
  and have an independent life.The Chinese youth
  develop rather slowly in this area.

53
3. How to Manage the Following
Situations?

• Situation 1 an appointment

Situation 2 home visit
Situation 3 to a party
Situation 4 being invited to dinner
Situation 5 an interview
54
Situation 1 Dr. Tom McDivern from NY is
practicing medicine in a rural area in Saudi
Arabia. His opening day was booked fully a week
ago. But half an hour passed, neitherof his
first two patients arrived.
Why?
Why?
Why?
Why?
55
punctual
Americans tend to be _________.
To the Arabians, _________ ________________
is acceptable.
half an hour
or 40 minutes late
56
Situation 2 On your way home, it occurred to you
that your American friend Mary had invited you to
visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in
on her house.
But when you knocked at the door
57
Mary felt surprised. Why?
In China, its OK to visit friends without
calling ahead of time. While in the U.S., its
impolite to do so.
58
What is the polite way in the U.S.?
Calling ahead of time.
59
Situation 3 Your American friend invited you to
her party tonight at 730. When are you supposed
to get there? Why?

• A. Before 700,
• to help her to prepare.
• B. 5-10 late,
• not to be the first guest.
• C. After 800, Im the VIP.
• D. 5-10 earlier,
• its a polite way to show my respect for her.

60
In the U.S., people tend to be _____________.
5-10 late (B)
In China, close friends tend to arrive
_______________, but acquaintances tend to
arrive
_______________.
before 700 (A)
5-10 earlier (D)
61
Situation 4 Your American friend invited you to
her house for dinner at 630. When are you
supposed to get there?
The Americans

• A. Right on time. B. Be fashionably
  late.
• C. Half an hour late. D. About 5-10 earlier.

The Chinese
62
To Visit Friends in the U.S.

• Before you go, its always best to
• 1. ________________
• 2. ________________
• 3. ________________
• When you go to a party, youd be ______________.
• When you go to somebodys house for dinner, youd
• be _________, i.e. not to be ______, not to be
  _____,
• just ____________.

give them a phone.
Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks.
send them a letter.
send them an e-mail.
fashionably late
late
early
punctual
right on time
63
Situation 5
Guess

• During an interview, the American
• boss asks about your idea on salary
• as a secretary, which answer will
• be good for you?

64
1. Any sum of money is OK for me.
2. At least 2500, Im the best.
65
3. 1,000 a month. I can make it.
4. Oh, money is not important to me. I
dont come here simply for money.
66
Tips

• In America, a persons success is based on how
• much money he makes. And Americans are not
• afraid of showing their confidence.
• To most Chinese, itd be the responsibility of
• the company to decide the salary according to
• the employees performance.

THIS MAY BE DUE TO CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
67

• 1. greetings
• 2. thinking
• 3. expressing ideas
• 4. educating
• 5. parenting

Cultural differences exist in the ways of
6. responding to compliments praise
68
Writing
topic sentence and supporting sentences
69
1. What is a topic sentence?
A topic sentence is a summary of the ideas in
the paragraph. It should contain a topic and its
controlling idea. The controlling idea determines
exactly what you will say and how you will say it.
70
2. What are supporting sentences?
Supporting sentences are developmental sentences
in a paragraph. Their purposes are to describe,
explain, illustrate, or prove the main idea .
These sentences may be major support sentences or
minor support sentences.
develop the topic sentence by telling something
new or different about it
give more details about each major support
sentence to make it better understood.
71
Lets take paragraph 3 of passage A as an example
topic sentence
Everyone is in a rushoften under pressure
City people always appear to be hurrying to get
where they are going...
major supporting sentences (description)
Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace
of life in this country.
Drivers will be abrupt and people will push past
you.
major supporting sentences (reason)
This is because people value time highly, and
they resent someone else wasting it beyond a
certain appropriate point.
72
major supporting sentence
Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace
of life in this country.
to explain why people race through
daytime meals
Working time is considered precious. Others are
waiting for you to finish so they can get back
to work within the time allowed.
minor supporting sentences
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reason
description
People value time highly, and they resent someone
else wasting it.
City people always appear to be hurrying ...
Racing through daytime meals...
Drivers are abrupt and people will push past you.
Working time is considered precious. Others in
public eating-places are waiting for you to
finish so they, too, can be served and get back
to work within the time allowed.
74
3. How to write a topic sentence?
Since the controlling idea or purpose must be
stated clearly and precisely enough to indicate
what the paragraph includes, your topic sentence
must be
specific instead of general
precise instead of vague
75
Compare the following two sentences

• Astronauts must be very capable.
• Astronauts must be scientists as well as expert
  test
• pilots.

• Countryside is much better than a city.

• Countryside is a better place to live than a city
  in
• several aspects.

76
College students will be assured good jobs on
graduation. College students tend to get better
jobs than those who havent a college diploma.
People living in apartment never talk to each
other. People living in apartment seldom talk
to each other.
Global warming is caused by a build-up of gases
in the earths atmosphere. Global warming is, to
some extent, caused by a build-up of gases in the
earths atmosphere.
77

• Homework
• 1. Make at least one sentence with each of the
  active words.
• 2. Recite Para.3.
• 3. Do the required exercises(Exercises ?---?)
  after the text.
• 4. Write a paragraph about television
  commercials. Fashion an effective topic sentence
  and support it with details.

78
Sample
The same television commercials repeat again
and again in one evening. Perhaps the following
two factors can account for this. The first
reason is simply a matter of economics. It must
make sure that as many people as possible will
see it. Thus, more consumers will be attracted
and a bigger profit may be gained. Another reason
for repeating the commercials so often is the
belief that repetition helps to imprint the
message on the mind. Some feel that
repetitioneven to the point of irritationis
supposed to make people remember the product.
79
Comments
The topic sentence is The same
television commercials repeat again and again in
one evening. Perhaps the following two factors
can account for this. It clearly tells the
reader the main idea of the paragraph It will
explore the reasons for so many television
commercials. And then the writer pointed out two
reasons to support his topic sentence. Each of
them contributes to the main idea. Thus, the
paragraph is well organized.
80

• Section B
• Tasks
• 1. To help the students review the reading
  skill--- Reading for the Main Idea
• 2. To help the students learn some Band-4 words,
  phrases and structures in the text

81

• Active Words in Section B
• desirable, spite, tradition, amuse, amusement,
  moreover, isolate, avoid, reject, helpful,
  recognition, favorable, appreciate, furthermore.

82
I. Reading SkillReading for the Main Idea

• The main idea of a passage is the thought
• that is presented from the beginning to the
• end. In a well-written paragraph, most of
• the sentences support, describe or explain
• the main idea.
• The main idea frequently appears in the
• first sentence, sometimes in the middle or
• at the end.

83
Example

• The U.S. is definitely a telephone country.
• Almost everyone uses the telephone to
• conduct business, to chat with friends, to
• make or break social appointment, to say
• thank you, to shop and to obtain all kinds
• of information. Telephones save the feet
• and endless amounts of time.
• Main idea
• ____________________________________

The U.S. is definitely a telephone country.
84
II. Exercises

• 1. The first stage is called the honeymoon. In
  this stage, you feel excitement about living in a
  different place. And everything seems to be
  marvelous. You like everything, and everybody
  seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement
  of life in a new culture seems as though it will
  have no ending.

Main idea ____________________________ _________
___________________
The first stage of culture-shock adjustment is
the honeymoon.
85

• 2. Eventually, however, the second stage of
  culture shock appears. This is the hostility
  stage. You begin to notice that not everything
  is as good as you had originally thought it was.
  You become tired of many things about the new
  culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a
  guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so
  wonderful at first is now awful, and everything
  makes you feel distressed and tired.

Main idea _______________________________ ______
_________________________
The second stage of culture-shock, hostility
stage, eventually occurs.
86
3. Do you think studying in a different country
is something that sounds very exciting? Like many
young people who leave home to study in another
country, do you think you would have lots of
desirable fun? Certainly, it is a new experience,
which brings the opportunity of discovering
fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In
spite of these advantages, however, there are
also some challenges you will encounter. Because
your views may clash with the different beliefs,
norms, values, and traditions that exist in
different countries, you may have difficulty
adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of
the culture not familiar to you. This is culture
shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages
of culture-shock adjustment occur. (Para.1)

Main idea Studying in a different country is a
new experience, but there are also some
challenges.
87
?. Matching Game
fascinating appreciate devise evidently
marvelous amuse (vt.) be hostile to
sb. distress cope with

• think out, design
• obviously
• be of an enemy
• interesting and attractive
• understand and enjoy
• deal with successfully
• make sb. laugh or smile
• wonderful, outstanding
• great pain, sadness

88
?. Word Using
1. have difficulty (in) doing sth./with n.
(L7) ?? ?????
Translation ???????????????
Key He seems to have some difficulty in learning
English grammar./He seems to have some difficulty
with English grammar.
Question Did you have any difficulty adjusting
to university life when you were a freshman?
89
2. (sth.) be familiar to sb. (L8) ? ??, ??
Translation ??????????????
e.g. He talked of other cultures as if
they were more familiar to him than his own.
Key These are the facts that are familiar to
every schoolboy.
If sth. is familiar to you, its well known to
you or you often experience or encounter it. Cf.
(sb.) be familiar with sth. ?? (sb.) be
familiar with sb. ? ?? If you were familiar
with sth., youve a good knowledge of it or you
know it in detail.
90
3. would rather do sth. (L26) prefer to
Translation Id rather you stayed with me
tomorrow. ???????,???????
Key ???????????? He would rather lose his job
than make false accounts.
would rather do A than do B ???A??B would
rather sb. did sth. ??????? one person would
prefer another to do sth.

• Use it
• In the English class,
• Youd rather
• Youd

91
Phrases concerned
rather than ??? ?? ?? She, rather
than you, should be responsible for it. other
than ??(?????)except You cant get to the
island other than by boat. other than ???,?
not I borrowed some books other than novels.
92
4. acquire (L47) vt. get sth. with effort,
learned
e.g. He acquired some French during his
staying in Europe last year.
Choose the best answer Its through learning
that the individual ____ many habitual ways of
reacting to situation. A. retains B. gains
C. achieves D. acquires
D
acquire ?? (??/???),??????? achieve
??(??,???) retain ?? gain ??(???????)
93
???acquire, inquire, require, request
inquire v. ask inquire sth. of sb.
??????? inquire after ???? inquire into
investigate require vt. ??????? require sth.
of sb. ask sth. of sb.?????? request sth.
from/of sb. ?????? request that sb. should do
94
Test YourselfMultiple Choice
For each sentence there are four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that
best completes the sentence.
95
1. The government has devoted a larger part
of its national ___________ to agriculture
than most other countries. A. resources B.
potential C. budget D. economy 2. In western
countries, it is the _________ for men to
wear suits on formal occasions. A.
conviction B. convention C. confession D.
concession
C. budget
B. convention
96
3. The annual income of school teachers in this
place was __________ at 900. A.
budget B. predicted C. account D.
assessed 4. His long illness and _____________
absence put him far behind in his
study. A. sequent B. consequent C.
frequent D. subsequent
D. assessed
B. consequent
97
5. If you want to learn English, you must first
find a ____________ teacher. A. able B.
desirable C. competent D. significant 6. Jane
was the only one who _______ all the
conditions she was of the required age,
height and degree. A. fulfilled B.
recovered C. appreciated D. rejected
C. competent
A. fulfilled
98
7. We ______ his idea for a music club, and
decided to have an art club instead. A.
turned B. rejected C. accepted D.
isolated 8. I appreciate ________ herself to the
cause of education.. A. of her devoting B.
her to devote C. her devoting D. to devote
B. rejected
C. her devoting
99
9. It is most ________ that he attend the
conference. A. desirous B. desiring C.
desired D. desirable 10. The neighbors let
their radio blare late in night just to
______ us. A. spit B. despite C. spite D.
inspire
D. desirable
C. spite
100
11. She couldnt hide her _______ at his
foolish mistake. A. amusement B.
fascination C. hostility D. recognition 12.
The publishers ______ of his manuscript
depressed him. A. ejection B. rejection C.
injection D. dejection
A. amusement
B. rejection
101
13. It is highly desirable that every effort
_______to reduce pollution in Beijing. A. was
made B. be made C. will be made D. would be
made 14. He is an artist, so these economic
terms are not familiar _________ him. A.
with B. of C. to D. on
B. be made
C. to
102
15. Happiness does not necessarily ________
wealth. A. go after B. go with C. go on D.
go out
B. go with
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• Homework
• 1. Do the exercises after the text.
• 2. Read the complementary reading material using
  the reading skill---reading for the main idea.
• 3. Make at least one sentence with each of the
  active words and the mentioned word and
  structures in this section.

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