Islam & The Middle East The Culture of Islam Philosophy and

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Islam The Middle East
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The Middle East
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Political Terms

• Turkey
• Jordan
• Lebanon
• Saudi Arabia
• Qatar
• Jerusalem
• Baghdad
• Cairo
• Syria
• Iran
• Israel
• Yemen

• Bahrain
• Tel Aviv
• Mecca
• Istanbul
• Oman
• Iraq
• Kuwait
• United Arab Emirate
• Egypt
• Damascus
• Medina
• Tehran

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The Middle East ?(Middle of What?)
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Ethnicities

• Arabs
• Jews
• Turks
• Persians
• Kurds

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Languages

• Arabic
• Kurdish
• Turkish
• Persian
• Hebrew

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Religions

• Islam
• Christianity
• Judaism

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The Arabs

• Semitic-Speaking
• Nomadic
• Tribal
• - Sheikh
• 4. Economic Life
• 5. Religion
• - Polytheistic
• 1. Kabah

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The Life of Mohammed
Mohammed (570 - 632 AD) 1. Born - Mecca 2.
First Marriage 3. Bedouins 4. Meditation -
Allah - Messenger Angel - The
Message/ Islam
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The Life of Muhammad
5. Muhammad The Word - Khadija - The
People of Mecca 6. The Prophet Medina (622AD)
- Hegira - The People of Medina -
Political Religious Authority - Attacking
Mecca
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The Life of Muhammad
7. The Prophet Mecca (630AD) - 10,000 Men
- Kabah - Idols
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Islam
Submission to Gods will / Submission to the
will of Allah 1. Allah - Monotheistic
2. Quran/ Koran 3. Muslims 4. Shariah
(written after death)
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The Five Pillars of Islam

• There is one God, Allah, and Muhammad is his
  prophet
• Pray 5 times a day toward Mecca
• Give alms - show charity toward the poor
• Fast during the month of Ramadan
• The Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca

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Call to Prayer
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The Hajj
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Islam Jihad
What is Jihad?
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The Arab Empire
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The Arab EmpireThe Four Rightly Guided Caliphs
Caliph -

• Rightly Guided Caliphs
• - Abu Bakr (1st)
• - Umar (2nd)
• - Utham (3rd)
• - Hazrat Ali (4th)

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The Arab Empire
2. Unified Arabs - Byzantine - Persian
Empire - Egypt Why so much in so little
time?
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The Arab Empire
3. Rule of the Arabs - Religion -
Local Rule
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Caliph Problems
1. Hazrat Ali (656 AD) - Muawiyah
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The Umayyad Dynasty

• 1. The Capital of Damascus
• 2. Arab Expansion in Spain
• The Battle of Tours (732AD)
• - Charles Martel (The Hammer)

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The Umayyad Dynasty
4. The Battle for the Byzantine Empire -
Constantinople 5. The Results of Expansion
- Territorial - Cultural
-Educational
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The Umayyad Dynasty
Hussein - Anger at the Umayyad? - War and
consequences
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The Split
1. Shiite (15 ) follower 2. Sunnis (85)
orthodox
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The Abbasids (750 - 1258 AD)

• Why did the Umayyads fall?
• Abu al-Abbas
• - Reforms
• a. Arab v. non-Arab
• b. New Capital

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The Abbasids
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The Abbasids
2. Harun al-Rashid 3. al- Mamud -
patron of learning
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Islamic Civilization
The Political World of Islam - Umma - Caliph
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Islamic Civilization
Prosperity in the Islamic World 1. The Quran and
trade a. bazaar 2. Divisions by religion
a. taxes
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Islamic Civilization

• Islamic Society
• All are supposed to be equal
• a. not always the case
• 2. Classes
• a. upper class
• b. womens rights
• - divorce
• - the house

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The Culture of Islam

• Philosophy and Science
• Middle Ages
• a. Arabic Learning thrived
• - World is round
• b. Mathematics
• - Arabic Numbers
• - Algebra
• c. Medicine
• - Disease

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The Culture of Islam

• Islamic Literature
• Quran
• a. greatest work
• 2. Omar Khayyam
• 3. The Arabian Nights
• a. collection of stories

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The Culture of Islam

• Islamic Art and Architecture
• Mixture of Persian/Arab/Turkish culture
• Arts
• a. calligraphy
• b. geometric designs
• c. mosques
• d. not many figures

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