Maria Alovert Girl Mark

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Maria Alovert Girl Mark

• Biodiesel Homebrew Guide
• www.localb100.com

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What is Biodiesel?

• Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning
  alternative fuel, produced from domestic,
  renewable resources.
• Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be
  blended at any level with petroleum diesel to
  create a biodiesel blend.
• It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel)
  engines with little or no modifications.
• Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable,
  nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and
  aromatics.

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Why Use Biodiesel?

• Biodiesel is better for the environment because
  it is made from renewable resources and has lower
  emissions compared to petroleum diesel.
• It is less toxic than table salt and biodegrades
  as fast as sugar.
• Since it is made in the USA from renewable
  resources such as soybeans, its use decreases our
  dependence on foreign oil and contributes to our
  own economy.

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How is Biodiesel Made?

• Biodiesel is made through a chemical process
  called transesterification
• The process seperates glycerin out of the
  vegetable oil.
• The process leaves behind two products -- 1.
  methyl esters (biodiesel)
• 2. glycerin

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Biodiesel Feedstocks

• In the United States, most biodiesel is made from
  soybean oil or recycled cooking oils.
• Animals fats, other vegetable oils, and other
  recycled oils can also be used to produce
  biodiesel, depending on their costs and
  availability.
• In the future, blends of all kinds of fats and
  oils may be used to produce biodiesel.

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Steps to Making Biodiesel Fuel

• Gather Materials
• Perform a Titration
• Process the Biodiesel Fuel
• Quality Test the Fuel
• Wash the Fuel

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Vegetable Oil Molecule

• Triglyceride
• 3 Fatty acids (esters)
• 1 Glycerol

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Transesterification

• Trans-ester-ification
• Transformation of one ester into another type of
  ester
• In the vegetable oil molecule we will remove the
  glycerin and replace it with an alcohol from
  methanol
• Requires a catalyst to start the reaction
• Thus, transforming it

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Catalyst

• A substances added to VO to crack the glycerin
  off the molecule
• This catalyst initiates a chemical reaction

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Catalyst

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium
  Hydroxide (KOH)
• A powdery or grainy solid
• Basic (pH)
• Dangerous, can damage skin, eyes

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Titration

• Must titrate is using waste vegetable
• This process determines how much catalyst is
  needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in used
  vegetable oil.

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How to perform a Titration
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Titration Formula

• Grams of catalyst X 8grams

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Titration

• Materials
• Isopropyl Alcohol
• Tumeric Spice
• KOH (catalyst)
• Water
• Waste VO
• Toothpick
• Medicine Droppers
• Measuring cups
• Balance

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Titration Step 1

• Collect Waste Vegetable Oil from a restaurant
• Measure 1 liter of WVO
• Put into a 2 liter pop bottle

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Titration Step 2

• Heat 1 liter of WVO before titration

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Titration Step 3

• Mixture of KOH Water
• You will put this in the medicine dropper or
  burette

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Titration

• KOH dropper
• Use to draw KOH solution

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Titration Step 4

• Fill a syringe with 4 ml of KOH and water

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Titration Step 5

• Make a of warm Oil and rubbing alcohol
• 10 ml alcohol
• 1 ml waste VO

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Titration Step 6

• Wait until KOH is dissolved in water
• Slowly add drops to oil/alcohol mixture
• Wait for a color change

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Titration

• Starting color with tumeric spice is yellow

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Titration

• Adding KHO solution to oil/alcohol mixture
• Looking for color change

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Titration Step 7

• Keep adding KOH and water until there is a
  complete change to red

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Titration Step 8

• Color has changed from yellow to red
• Tumeric is an indicator
• The red color is indicating the solution is now
  basic
• STOP

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Titration Step 9

• Determine how many ml of KOH/water was dropped
  into oil
• Convert this number of ml into grams
• Repeat 2 more times

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Titration Step 10

• Weighing out KOH
• Must measure 8 grams amount from titration

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Titration Notes

• This was a test to look for FFA or free fatty
  acids
• FFA react with catalyst to make soaop
• We detect soap with an indicator, tumeric spice
• We look for a color change

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Indicator

• A pH indicator is a weak acids or bases.
• When introduced into an acidic or basic
  solution, they may causes the indicator's color
  to change.

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