The Cold War Heats Up

1
The Cold War Heats Up

• APUSH
• Ms. Weston
• 3/21/07

2
America Begins to Rearm

• 1947 National Security Act
• Created Department of Defense to be housed in
  Pentagon
• United military under Joint Chiefs of Staff
• Established National Security Council and Central
  Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Resurrected draft
• Continued growth of military economy
• All of this stimulated by Cold War

3
NATO and The Warsaw Pact

• 1949 Western nations joined together in military
  alliance against Soviet aggression
• US, Canada, France, GB, Italy, and Netherlands
• FIRST PEACETIME MILITARY ALLIANCE IN US!
• 1955 Eastern European nations allied with Soviet
  Union in Warsaw Pact
• USSR, Czech, East Germany, Hungary, Poland,
  Romania

4
Reconstruction in Japan

• US wanted Japan as an Asian bulwark against
  Communism
• Under MacArthur, US helped to economically
  reconstruct and democratize Japan
• Within a few decades, Japan became one of worlds
  strongest industrial powers

5
China Goes Communist

• Bitter civil war for years between Nationalists
  and Communists
• 1949 China became Communist
• ¼ of world population now Communist
• Republicans ask Who lost China?

6
The Nuclear Arms Race

• 1949 Soviets exploded an atomic bomb
• Truman immediately ordered development of
  Hydrogen Bomb
• Einstein and Oppenheimer protested
• US exploded first H-bomb on South Pacific atoll
  in 1952
• Soviets develop an H-bomb by 1953
• Now both countries capable of MUTUAL DESTRUCTION

7
Fears of Communism at Home

• Trumans loyalty program investigated disloyal
  organizations, has a Loyalty Review Board
• Loyalty oaths, state Sedition Acts
• 1938 House Un-American Activities Committee
  (HUAC) established
• ALGER HISS CASE Former government official
  guilty of perjury for denying he was a Communist
  spy.

8
Fears of Communism at Home ctnd.

• Anyone out of norm socially could be considered
  a communist.
• McCarran Internal Security Act passed over
  Trumans veto Gave president power to arrest and
  detain suspicious people
• The Rosenbergs Soviet spies who leaked atomic
  data to Soviets, helped them build bomb
• --Only people every executed in peacetime for
  espionage

9
Truman is Re-elected

• Election of 1948 Democrats split, seemed almost
  certain Truman would lose
• Surprise victory by Truman
• Farmers, workers and blacks key to this
• Truman calls for two new programs
• Point Four Offers money and aid to
  underdeveloped lands to help them help themselves
• Fair Deal his version of domestic reform, used
  some principles of New Deal.

10
The Korean War

• Trouble in Korea
• Had been divided after WWII into Communist North
  Korea supported by Soviets and South Korea
  supported by US and UN.
• Division at the 38th parallel
• June 1950 Using Soviet tanks, North Koreans
  crossed 38th parallel
• US used as an excuse to increase military
  spending
• NSC-68 Quadrupled US defense spending!
• Defense spending becomes a key part of US budget

11
The Korean War Begins

• Truman argued that America must help contain
  communism to just the North of Korea.
• UN troops led by American general MacArthur
  rushed to South Korea.
• Within three months they had pushed North Koreans
  back up over 38th parallel.

12
The Korean War Escalates

• Not satisfied, MacArthur fights in North Korea
  and pushes North Koreans all the way up to the
  border with China!
• China saw this as an attack, entered war against
  US
• MacArthur wanted a full-scale war with China,
  Truman eventually fires him, to keep Korea a
  limited war.

13
The Result A Stalemate

• When war ends in 1953, border between North and
  South Korea almost the same as it had been before
  war.
• http//www.paulnoll.com/Korea/History/Korean-stats
  -war.jpg