Asepsis and Infection Control

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Asepsis and Infection Control

• NUR 302
• Professor Susan Blakey, RN, MS

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Infection Cycle
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Breaking the Chain of Infection
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Organisms Seen in Hospital

• Staphylococcus aureus

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Organisms

• Hepatitis B
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Escherichia coli
• Human Immunodeficiency virus

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Stages of Infection

• Incubation

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Stages of Infection

• Prodromal

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Stages of Infection

• Full Stage
• Signs and symptoms
• Convalescent
• Recovery

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Response to Infection

• Normal Flora
• Inflammatory Response

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Response to Infection

• Immune Response

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At Risk for Infection

• Integrity of skin and mucous membranes
• Integrity of WBCs
• Vulnerable populations
• General Health Status
• Stress Level
• Indwelling devices

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Common Infections

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

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Common Infections

• Pulmonary Infections

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Common Infections

• Skin Infections

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PREVENTION

• Careful assessment
• Early detection AND action
• Immunizations
• Assess for infections

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Laboratory Data

• Normal values are listed. With infection, all are
  elevated
• WBCs (5,000-10,000 mm3)
• Neutrophils (60-70)- acute infection
• Lymphocytes (20-40)- chronic infection
• Eosinophils (1-4)- allergic reaction
• Pathogen present in culture

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Patient Outcomes

• Handwashing
• Hygiene
• Nutrition
• Immunizations
• Signs of infection
• Symptoms of allergies

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Asepsis

• Activities to prevent spread of infection
• Medical asepsis- clean technique
• Surgical asepsis- sterile technique

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Medical Asepsis

• Hand hygiene
• Carry linens away from your body
• No linens on floor
• Cover mouth when sneezing
• Do not raise dust
• Do not shake linens
• Clean to dirty
• Transmission precautioins

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Hand Hygiene
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CDC Guidelines

• Soiled hands- Wash with soap and water
• Not visibly soiled- alcohol based rub

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves
• Gown
• Mask
• Protective Eyewear

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PPE
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Disposing of Contaminated Supplies
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OSHA Precautions

• Standard Precautions

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OSHA Precautions

• Airborne Precautions

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OSHA Precautions

• Droplet Precautions

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OSHA Precautions

• Contact Precautions

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Surgical Asepsis

• Sterile can touch only sterile
• Do not spill on a sterile field
• Hold objects above waist
• Do not reach over field
• Do not turn back on field
• Outer 1 inch is considered sterile
• If in doubt, treat as contaminated

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Surgical Asepsis

• Donning Sterile Gloves

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Surgical Asepsis

• Opening Sterile Packages

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Surgical Asepsis

• Sterile Procedures

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Nosocomial Infections

• Hospital Acquired
• Handwashing- best way to prevent nosocomial
  infections

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Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms

• MRSA
• Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• VRE
• Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
• VISA- Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant
  Staphylococcus aureus