PARASITOLOGY

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PARASITOLOGY

• PROTOZOAN
• METAZOAN
• HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS

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PARASITOLOGY

• Parasites as vectors for disease
• PARASITES as portals of entry

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HEAVY INFESTATIONS

• SUBLETHAL
• LETHAL
• TOXICITY FROM PARASITES

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PROTOZOANS

• SINGLE CELLED
• Eukaryotic organisms
• Amoeba
• Paramoeba permaquidensis
• FLAGELLATED
• Ichthyobodo (Costia)
• Cryptobia
• Hexamita

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PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

• CILIATED 2 NUCLEI
• Epistylis, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius

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PHYLUM MICROSPORA

• THICK WALLED SPORES
• LOMA - CYSTS IN GILLS

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PHYLUM MYXOZOA

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MYXOBOLUS (MYXOSOMA) CEREBRALIS

• WHIRLING DISEASEFIRST RECORDED IN RBT FROM
  GERMANY - 1903USA IN FROZEN FISH 1956
• ORIGIN MAY HAVE BEEN NON- PATHOGENIC PARASITE OF
  NATIVE SALMONIDS CENTRAL EUROPE AND NORTHERN ASIA
  BROWN TROUT AND ATL SALMON

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M. CEREBRALIS

• TROPHOZOITES DEVELOP IN CARTILAGE

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M. CEREBRALIS

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ANNELID WORMTUBIFEX TUBIFEX

• INTERMEDIATE HOST STAGE
• SEPARATE TAXONOMY
• TRIACTINOMYXON

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VECTORS

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CONTROL/PREVENTION

• CONCRETE RACEWAYS
• IMMUNITY???
• MANAGEMENT OF WILD STOCKSMONTANA, COLORADO
• IDAHO - MISSING FISH ?

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REGULATIONS

• FISH DISEASE EMERGENCY MEETING COLORADO MEETING
  1988
• DELISTING FROM TITLE 50

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CERATOMYXA SHASTA

• SHASTA COUNTY 1948
• Multicellular trophozoites
• Mature spores
• TRANSMISSION
• Water borne, seasonal

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C. shasta

• SALINITY
• Symptoms

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C. shasta

• Intestinal infection
• Kidney associated

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Detection and Control

• DIAGNOSIS (confirmation)
• CONTROL

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PKD/PKX

• Proliferative kidney disease
• Symptoms

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METAZOAN PARASITES

• PLATYHELMINTHES - FLAT WORMS
• CESTODA - TAPEWORMS
• TREMATODES - DIVERSE

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CESTODES

• ADULTS USUALLY IN INTESTINAL TRACK VERTEBRATES
• HERMAPHRODITIC
• REPRODUCTION

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EXAMPLES OF LIFE CYCLES

• Proteocephalid cestodes (Taenia)
• Two fishes 1 host (LMB) and 1st intermediate
  host copepod, 2nd intermediate host is forage
  fish
• Ligula intestinalis, described in 1758
• Adult form in piscivorous birds, eggs released to
  copepods (first intermediate host), to fish
  species (second intermediate host)

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TREMETODES

• MONOGENEA
• SPECIES SPECIFIC (some)
• ANCHOR PROHAPTOR, OPISHAPTOR
• HERMAPHODITIC

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DIGENEA - FLUKES

• COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES
• -

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OTHER FLUKES

• SANGUINICOLA

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ACANTHOCEPHALA

• All require invertebrate host, usually arthropod
  (intermediate host)
• Fish is final host

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PHYLUM NEMATODA

• MOST REQUIRE INTERMEDIATE HOST

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Phylum ANNELIDA - Hirudinea

• Leeches feed on worms, insect larvae, snails, and
  all vertebrates including amphibians
• Bisexual
• Leeches attacking fishes are not host specific
• LEECHES (QUESTION IHNV?)

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PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

• CLASS CRUSTACEA
• sub class COPEPODS - SALMINCOLA - LERNAEA
• BRANCHIURA - SEA LICE

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PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

• FW CLAMS
• GLOCHIDIA
• Ecology of FW Clams/ Distribution of Molluscs ESA
  issues - Dams Obstruct Fish Passage