Spinal Conditions

1
Spinal Conditions

• Chapter 9

2
Spinal Column

• Cervical 7 vertebrae
• Thoracic 12 vertebrae
• Lumbar 5 vertebrae
• Sacral 5 fused vertebrae
• Coccygeal 4 small fused vertebrae

3
Vertebrae

• Body
• Vertebral arch
• Several bony processes
• Articular processes (facet joints)
• Pedicles

4
Intervertebral Discs

• Fibrocartilaginous
• Annulus Fibrosus
• Nucleous Pulposus (gelatinous)
• Poor circulatory supply

5
Ligaments of the Spine

• Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments
• Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments
• Supraspinous Ligament
• Ligamentum Flavum

6
Muscles of the Spine

• Erector Spinae muscles
• Provide
• Lateral flexion
• Lateral rotation
• Flexion
• Extension

7
Spinal Nerves

• 31 pairs emanate from the cord
• Cervical 8 pairs
• Thoracic 12 pairs
• Lumbar 5 pairs
• Sacral 5 pairs
• Coccygeal 1 pair

8
Brachial Plexus

• C5 T1 nerve roots
• Innervate
• Arm
• Forearm
• Hand

9
Lumbar Plexus

• T12 L5 nerve roots
• Innervate
• Quadriceps
• Adductor muscle group

10
Sacral Plexus

• L4 L5
• Innervate
• Muscles of the Buttocks
• Posterior muscles of the lower leg
• Anterior muscles of the lower leg
• Lateral muscles of the lower leg

11
Anatomical Variations

• Kyphosis- Accentuation of the thoracic curve
• Scoliosis- Lateral curve of the spine
• Lordosis- Abnormal exaggeration of the lumbar
  curve

12
Cervical Spine Injuries

• Cervical Sprains
• Cervical Strains
• Cervical Spinal Stenosis
• Spear Tacklers Spine
• Cervical Fractures and Dislocations

13
Cervical Spine Injuries cont.

• Brachial Plexus Injuries
• Acute Burners or Stingers
• Chronic Burners or Stingers
• Suprascapular Nerve Injury

14
Thoracic Spine Injuries

• Thoracic Contusions, Strains, and Sprains
• Thoracic Spinal Fractures and Apophysis
• Scheurmanns Disease
• Spondylolisthesis

15
Lumbar Spine Injuries

• Lumbar Contusions, Strains, and Sprains
• Low Back Pain
• Sciatica
• Lumbar Disc Injuries
• Lumbar Fractures and Dislocations

16
Sacrum and Coccyx Injuries

• Sacroiliac Joint Sprain
• ASIS
• PSIS
• Sacrotuberous ligament
• Sacrospinous ligament
• Coccygodynia
• Direct blow to coccyx causing fracture or
  contusion to the area causing pain to the nerves.

17
Evaluation

• HOPS
• Active motion should not be performed when there
  is pain over the vertebrae or when there are
  motor or sensory deficits noted.
• Palpation- Warning signs should include
  temperature, swelling, point tenderness,
  deformity, crepitus, muscle spasm, and cutaneous
  sensation.