BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY

1
BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY
2
Pelvis

• The pelvis is composed of three bones
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

3
Pelvis Lateral Surface

• Acetabular fossa
• For articulation with head of femur.
• Lunate surface.
• Acetabular notch.
• Acetabular labrum
• Fibrocartilage rim around edge of acetabulum.

4
(No Transcript)
5
Pelvis Lateral Surface

• Obturator foramen
• Covered by membrane.
• Passage for obturator nerve and vessels.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Pelvis Lateral Surface

• Ischial ramus.
• Pubic rami
• Superior.
• Inferior.
• Pubic tubercle
• Attachment for inguinal ligament.

8
(No Transcript)
9
Pelvis Anterior Edge

• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
• Attachment of inguinal ligament.
• Proximal attachment for
• Sartorius muscle.
• Figure 3.3.

10
Pelvis Anterior Edge

• Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
• Proximal attachment for
• Straight head of rectus femoris.

11
Pelvis Posterior Edge

• Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).
• Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS).
• Greater sciatic notch
• Converted into superior and inferior parts by
  piriformis muscle.

12
Pelvis Posterior Edge

• Lesser sciatic notch.
• Ischial spine.
• Ischial tuberosity.

13
Pelvis Posterior Ligaments

• Posterior sacrospinous ligaments.
• Sacrotuberous ligaments.
• Sacrospinous ligaments.
• Figure 3.3.

14
Pelvis Medial Surface

• Iliac fossa
• Attachment surface for iliacus muscle.
• Arcuate line.
• Auricular surface
• Articulates with auricular surface of sacrum.
• Pubic symphysis.

15
(No Transcript)
16
Sacrum

• Consists of 5 fused vertebrae.
• Wing-like processes of each vertebra alae
• For attachment to ilium.
• Lip of body of first sacral vertebra sacral
  promontory.

17
Sacrum

• Posterior crests (Fig. 4.5)
• Median crest
• Fused spinous processes.
• Intermediate crests
• Fused articular (zygopophyseal) processes.
• Lateral crests
• Fused transverse processes.
• Sacral hiatus.

18
Lateral Pelvic Attachments
19
Medial Pelvic Attachments
20
Femur Proximal Anterior

• Head.
• Neck.
• Greater trochanter.
• Lesser trochanter.
• Intertrochanteric line
• Low ridge connecting two trochanters.

21
Proximal Femur
22
Femur Proximal Posterior

• Head.
• Neck.
• Greater trochanter.
• Lesser trochanter
• Projects backwards and medially.

23
Femur Proximal Posterior

• Intertrochanteric ridge
• High ridge connecting two trochanters.
• Has quadrate tubercle
• Partial site of attachment for quadratus
  femoris muscle.

24
Proximal Femur
25
Femur Distal Anterior

• Medial and lateral condyles.
• Medial and lateral epicondyles.
• Patellar surface
• Smooth, crescent surface between condyles.
• Adductor tubercle
• Small bump on medial epicondyle.
• Site of partial attachment of adductor magnus.

26
Femur Distal Posterior

• Medial and lateral condyles.
• Medial and lateral epicondyles.
• Popliteal surface
• Smooth, triangular surface superior to
  condyles.
• Intercondylar fossa
• Forms part of posterior boundary of popliteal
  fossa.

27
Distal Femur
28
Femur Posterior Surface

• Linea aspera
• Lateral boundary
• Is a continuation of
• Gluteal tuberosity.
• Inferiorly becomes
• Lateral supracondylar line.
• Medial boundary
• Is a continuation of
• Pectineal line.
• Inferiorly becomes
• Medial supracondylar line.

29
Tibia Anterior Proximal

• Medial and lateral condyles.
• Tuberosity.
• Tubercles of intercondylar eminence.

30
Tibia Posterior Proximal

• Medial and lateral condyles.
• Tubercles of intercondylar eminence.
• Articular facet for fibula
• On inferior surface of lateral condyle.
• Soleal line
• Shallow, rough ridge curving down from lateral
  condyle.

31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Tibia Distal

• Anterior distal surface
• Medial malleolus.
• Lateral distal surface
• Fibular notch.

34
Fibula

• Lies lateral to tibia.
• Function
• Involved in ankle joint.
• Muscle attachment.
• Proximal end
• Head.
• Apex (styloid process).
• Articular surface (facet) for lateral condyle
  of tibia.

35
Fibula

• Distal end
• Lateral malleolus
• With articular surface for talus.
• Note
• Both tibia and fibula have interosseous
  borders
• Face each other when the two bones are
  articulated.
• Site of attachment of interosseous membrane.