The Interrelationships Between Health and Physical, Social, Emotional and Intellectual Development

1
The Interrelationships Between Health and
Physical, Social, Emotional and Intellectual
Development
The Interrelationship Between Health and
Physical, Social, Emotional and Intellectual
Development
2
Development

• Defined as the physical, emotional, social and
  intellectual changes that take place in human
  beings over time.
• Development is a continual process beginning at
  conception and ending with death.

3
Stages of the Lifespan

• The lifespan is the period of time between
  fertilisation and death. It can be divided up
  into a series of stages
• These stages are determined by a combination of
  biological age, social age and psychological age.

4
(No Transcript)
5
Types of Development

• Development can be divided into many different
  types.
• PHYSICAL
• INTELLECTUAL
• EMOTIONAL
• SOCIAL

6
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

• Physical development includes growth which is
  changes in the size and structure of cells such
  as increases in height and weight and therefore
  the lengthening of bones, the cutting of teeth,
  changes in body proportions and increases in
  muscles and tissues.

7
Physical Development

• Physical development also includes MOTOR SKILLS
  which are changes in the ability to use and
  control muscles that enable us to undertake a
  range of activities.
• Kicking a ball
• Hopping
• Holding and writing with a pen.
• Tying shoelaces

8
Motor Skills

• The development of motor skills is dependent upon
  the maturation of the central nervous system.

9
Motor Skills

• In our body we tend to have large muscle groups
  and smaller muscle groups.
• Control of the larger muscle groups is called
  GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
• Kicking
• Catching a ball
• Running
• Sitting
• Walking
• Playing a musical instrument

10
Motor Skills

• Control of the smaller muscles of the body such
  as those in the fingers and toes are known as
  FINE MOTOR SKILLS
• Threading beads
• Colouring in shapes and staying within the lines
• Tying shoelaces

11
LAWS OF DEVELOPMENT

• There are two laws of development that help us to
  predict physical changes that will take place.
• Cephalocaudal Development
• Proximodistal Development
• Physical development occurs in two directions
  known as cephalocaudal and proximodistal.

12
Cephalocaudal Direction

• Cephalocaudal direction sees development move
  down the body from head to toe.
• An infant will develop control of the muscles in
  their neck, followed by the muscles in their
  upper body, upper legs, lower legs, feet and then
  toes.
• That is why most infants will crawl, stand
  supported, stand, walk supported and then walk
  independently

13
Proximodistal Direction

• Proximodistal direction sees development progress
  from the centre of the body to the outside or
  extremities.
• An infant will be able to hit an object with
  their arm and hand, grab an object, then control
  the manipulation of the object with their
  fingers.
• An embryo shows a well developed torso with very
  small, underdeveloped arms and legs.

14
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

• Social development relies on the interaction with
  others and refers to the development of knowledge
  and skills, attitudes, values and behaviours
  necessary for the appropriate interaction and
  relationships with other people.

15
Social Development

• Social development refers to developing the
  capacity for relationships with other people.
• Social development occurs as a result of
  socialisation.
• We learn primarily from our family/primary care
  giver but other influences include
• Peers
• Kindergarten
• Child care
• School
• Sporting clubs
• Church
• Workplaces
• Media

16
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• Refers to the changes that occur in our ability
  to control and understand our own moods and
  feelings and the expression of these emotions, as
  well as understanding the emotions of others.
• It includes feelings we develop about ourselves
  and includes aspects such as confidence, self
  esteem and self concept.

17
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT

• Refers to changes in our ability to think and
  reason and includes the establishment of language
  skills, understanding the basic concepts for
  daily living such as numbers, time and space and
  our ability to solve problems.

18
Summary of Development
19
Summary of Development
20
Summary of Development
21
Summary of Development
22
INTERRELATIONSHIP

• There is a very strong interrelationship between
  all types of development and between health and
  development.
• Physical changes may impact social changes and
  vice versa etc.
• Refer to table on pages 238-239 of the text book

23
Interrelationship

• One of the most significant influences on
  development is health.
• Good health means improved quality of life and
  the opportunity to achieve development potential.
• Ill health may impact on physical, social,
  emotional and intellectual development.

24
Interrelationship

• In children, ill health may affect the growth of
  the brain, bones, muscles and organs,
  particularly if the illness leads to
  malnutrition.
• This could also contribute to poor motor
  development, impaired learning and delayed sexual
  development.
• Continued ill health may also affect social
  development.
• i.e interacting with others learning new
  skills, knowledge, behaviour, poor motor skills
  (lack of acceptance into social group)

25
Interrelationship

• Different types of development are therefore
  interrelated and do not occur in isolation.
• Growth and development of the brain (physical
  development) leads to changes in mental abilities
  (intellectual development) like reasoning, memory
  and language skills.
• These abilities allow the child to make better
  personal and social adjustment.(social
  development)
• Speech means a child can explain and satisfy its
  wants (emotional development)
• This also has a direct impact on academic
  achievement (intellectual development).

26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Activity

• Complete the review questions from page 241 of
  the text book.