CRITICAL QUESTION

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CRITICAL QUESTION

• How should the bounty of a society be distributed?

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JUSTICE

• DISTRIBUTIVE
• Each according to their need
• Each person an equal share
• Each person according to their right
• Each person according to their effort
• Each person according to their contribution to
  society

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• COMPENSATORY JUSTICE
• Compensate people for what they have lost when
  wronged by others
• RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
• Imposition of punishment and penalties on wrong
  doers
• MATERIAL PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE
• Determines what it means to give a person their
  due
• EGALITARIAN VIEW
• Each person has an equal claim on societys goods
  and services
• LIBERTARIAN VIEW
• Each person free to act according to their own
  purpose free from coercion of government

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RIGHTS

• DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS
• Authority given by God
• NATURAL RIGHTS
• Highest form of rights given by authority higher
  than society
• LEGAL RIGHTS
• Provided by constitution, legislative enactments,
  case law or executive order

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• ENTITLEMENT
• Provided by moral norms or legal system
• NEGATIVE RIGHT
• Protects an action from being interfered with by
  others
• POSITIVE RIGHT
• Provides individual with what they need to pursue
  freely their interests
• MORAL RIGHT
• Moral obligation one has in the treatment of
  others

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DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICEJohn Rawls

• What rules constitute a just society?
• Liberties are equal to all citizens
• Rights not subject to political bargaining
• Rights not subject to calculation of other social
  interests (Anti-Utilitarian)

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HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT AT JUST SOCIETY?

• Created out of agreement between free and
  independent persons.
• Use Veil of Ignorance A third part brings the
  people together and states that they are to
  design a system for the distribution of
  compensation and sacrifice. They do not know
  what their starting point will be in that society

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WHAT WILL THIS SOCIETY LOOK LIKE?

• Each person will have right to equal access to
  offices and opportunities
• If there is inequality it will be to the benefit
  of ALL .
• Political Institutions Based on legality,
  liberty of conscious, freedom of though. Equal
  education, Free choice of professions,
• Economic Institutions Equal opportunity to
  engage in commercial activities, fortunate
  promote well-being of the less fortunate, gifted
  pay for cost of training and cultivation of their
  endowments in a way to improve the less fortunate

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GOVERNMENTS ROLE

• Keep markets competitive
• Ensure full employment of resources, property,
  and wealth
• Distribute wealth broadly to maintain social
  minimums
• Equal opportunity underwritten by education

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THE ENTITLEMENT THEORYRobert Nozick

• The minimal state is the most extensive state
  that can be justified
• Just Distribution
• Arises out of legitimate means
• If acquired through transfer from another can be
  held
• No one can hold property except by these means

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REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH

• HISTORIC How did the distribution take place
  (Earned, borrowed or stolen)
• TIME SLICE Current welfare economics. Justice
  is determine by who has what and who needs what
• LIBERTY THROUGH VOLUNTARY ACTION WILL OVERTURN
  ANY IMPOSED SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION

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COMPLEX EQUALITYMichael Walzer

• How do adjust for difference in
• Being, Doing, Having, Consuming, Identity,
  Status.
• There is no single best criteria for
  distribution. Not Markets, Not Government

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DOMINANCE SYSTEMS

• ARISTOCRACY
• Rule by breeding and intelligence
• DIVINE SUPREMANCY
• Know the word of God
• MERITOCRACY
• Rule because of talent
• FREE EXCHANGE
• Movable Wealth

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DOMINANCE IS TRANSITORY

• Pressure to redistribute wealth when to
  centralized
• Pressure to change based on new ideas
• Iron Law of Oligarchy- Robert Michels 1915
• A society cannot exist without a dominant class.
  The overthrow of an elite will lead to the
  formation of another

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REDISTRIBUTION MODEL

• Understand how goods are valued by society
• Understand how the good relate to each other
• Free Exchange Money controlled ultimate illegal
  immigrant.
• Desert Linkage between deserving and the market
• Need The specific sphere (context) establish
  distribution appropriate to context. Piety versus
  financial rewards.