Organization and Structure

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Organization and Structure
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Structure is the arrangement of details in a work
of literature. (How the supporting information
is organized)
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Identifying structure is important because it can
help you determine an authors purpose for
writing.
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Purpose

• To entertain
• To explain (informational)
• To persuade
• To describe

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To Entertain
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To Explain
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To Persuade
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To Describe
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Literature is classified as either fiction or
nonfiction.

• Fiction Short-stories, poems, novels, plays
• Non-fiction Feature Articles, editorials,
  letters, speeches, memoirs, or
• (auto) biography

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Organization of Fiction

• Fiction is arranged in chronological order the
  order of time. (as on a timeline)

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Chronological order -

• Flash backs and flash forwards are considered
  part of this type of arrangement.

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Fiction writers use dates, time references, and
can use time order transitions to show when
events happen! Examples of time transitions
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Example of chronological arrangement

• Dogs were the first animals to be domesticated,
  probably as far back as thirteen thousand years
  ago. Two or three thousand years passed before
  humans began to domesticate sheep, goats, and
  pigs. Later, farmers raised cattle for food and
  milk.

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Organization of Nonfiction

• Nonfiction (true or real world writing) can also
  be arranged chronologically, but it can have
  other forms of organization as well.

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Organization of Non-fiction

• 1 - Cause And Effect
• what happened and why

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Example of cause and effect arrangement of
non-fiction

• In 1988 an earthquake hit San Francisco.
  Buildings rocked on their foundations and some
  collapsed. Gas mains ruptured causing fires to
  break out in the city. Telephone and electric
  service was cut off, and a large number of people
  were killed.

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Organization of Non-fiction

• 2 Compare and Contrast
• How two or more people, places, or things are the
  same or different.

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Example of compare and contrast arrangement

• Hurricanes cause more widespread destruction than
  tornadoes. The wind speeds in a hurricane are
  usually slower than those in a tornado. However,
  hurricanes can last for hours or days and may be
  very wide, but tornadoes last for a short time
  and cover only a narrow path.

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Organization of Non-fiction

• 3 Hierarchy
• Arranged by the rank or order of importance,
  size, or difficulty from least to greatest
• (typical transition words more importantly,
  still harder, even more damaging, worse yet, etc)

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Example of hierarchal arrangement of non-fiction

• There have been a number of disasters that are
  memorable for the devastation they caused. The
  San Francisco Earthquake claimed a number of
  lives. Worse than that was the collapse of the
  World Trade Towers, but the disaster that has
  been the worst in recent memory is the tsunami
  that claimed millions of lives on December 26th.

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Organization of Non-fiction

• 4 PROCESS ANALYSIS
• How-to descriptions (These are also considered
  chronological)

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Example of process (how to) arrangement of
non-fiction.

• When baking cookies it is best to beat the butter
  and sugar together first. Then add the eggs and
  beat again. The next step is to stir in the flour
  mixture and chocolate chips. The final step is
  to drop teaspoons full of the mixture onto a
  cookie sheet and bake.

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Organization of Non-fiction.

• 5 SPATIAL ORDER
• Items are described according to their physical
  positions (up and down, side to side)

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Example of spatial order arrangement of
non-fiction

• You probably know where Australia is, but some of
  its neighbors may be less familiar. New Zealand
  is a pair of islands across the Tasman Sea,
  southeast of Australia. New Guinea is just to
  the north of the eastern end of the small
  continent, and New Caledonia is due east.

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Organization of Non-fiction

• 6 Logical
• Arranged according to types or traits

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Example of Logical organization

• Disasters can be classified into different
  categories. Natural disasters include things
  like earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes.
  Man-made disasters can include terrorist attacks,
  wars, or explosions.

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Quick review Fiction is typically arranged in
chronological order.Non-fiction can be arranged
in a number of ways such as chronological,
spatial, compare and contrast, hierarchy, cause
and effect, process, or logical.
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The End!!!!!