Chapter 2 – A Living Planet

1
Chapter 2 A Living Planet
Physical Geography The study of the natural
aspects of the Earth.
2
The Earth
Earth's inner core is solid iron, its outer core
is liquid iron mixed with other components, and
its mantle is dense rock.  
3
Earth Inside and Out

• Inside the Earth
• Core
• Inner Core Solid Iron ball
• Outer Core swirling melted metals
• Mantle
• Contains most of the Earths mass
• Magma forms in mantle

4
On And Above The Earth

• Atmosphere
• Layer of gases surrounding the Earth
• Lithosphere
• Solid rock portion of earths surface
• Underwater its called the sea floor
• Huge landmasses above the sea floor are called
  CONTINENTS
• Hydrosphere
• All water elements on earth
• Oceans, seas, rivers, water in atmosphere, etc.

5
The Biosphere

• Biosphere
• Part of the earth where plants and animals live
• Made up of atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere

6
Bodies of Water and Landforms

• Bodies of water
• Many types of bodies of water on Earth
• Examples
• Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, ground water

7
Hydrologic Cycle
8
Windward Side
Leeward Side
9
Tsunami

• Giant waves in the ocean usually caused by
  massive shifts in the Earths crust
• Tsunami Animation

10
2-3 Internal Forces Shaping the Earth

• Tectonic Plates
• Huge masses of lithosphere that move and shift
  atop the hot, molten asthenosphere.

11

• Continental Drift
• The theory that the continents have shifted over
  time into new positions on the face of the Earth
• Began with Pangaea

12
Plate Movement
13
(No Transcript)
14
Plate Movement

• 2) subduction or diving under another plate

15
Plate Movement

• 3) collision or crashing into each other

16
Plate Movement

• 4) shearing or sliding past each other

Plate A
Plate B
17
Types of Plate Boundaries
1) Divergent Boundary Plates move away from
each other. (Spreading)
2) Convergent Boundary Plates move toward each
other. (Subduction or Collision)
3) Transform Boundary Plates slide past each
other. (Shearing)
18
(No Transcript)
19

• When two plates meet they can cause folding or
  cracking
• Fault crack in the Earths crust where two
  plates meet.

San Andreas Fault Line
20
Earthquakes

• Sudden shifts along fault line
• Seismograph
• Special device that can detect vibrations in the
  Earths surface
• Richter Scale a scale of measurement used to
  determine how strong an earthquake is

21
Volcano

• Magma eruptions through crust of the Earth. Many
  underwater.

Named after Vulcan the Roman god for fire and
metal working. He was the protector of smiths,
and was normally depicted as a bearded man,
dressed as a worker and carrying the utensils of
a smith.
22

• Ring of Fire
• Ring of volcanoes and volcanic activity around
  the Pacific Ocean

23
2-4 External Forces Shaping the Earth

• Weathering
• Mechanical, chemical
• Erosion
• Water, Wind, Glacial
• Building Soil
• Weathering and erosion break down the Rocks of
  the Earth and create soil.