Natural Disaster Countermeasures Conducted by East Japan Railway Company

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Natural Disaster Countermeasures Conducted by
East Japan Railway Company

• Susumu Hashizume
• Transport Safety Department
• East Japan Railway Company

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JR Group Map
JR Hokkaido
JR East
JR West
Tokyo
JR Kyushu
Osaka
JR Freight
JR Central
JR Shikoku
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Outline of JR East
(As of 1 April 2008)
Number of employees Working kilometers
Number of stations Total trains in
operation Number of cars
61,900 7,526.8 km 1,703 12,667/day 13,008
The Shinkansen
Shinkansen lines
Conventional lines
The Shinkansen
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Fluctuations in the No. of Accidents
During Train Operations
?No. of accidents?
400
376
Accidents involving damage to property
1.6
Accidents involving personal injury or death
315
Collision, Fire, or Derailment
1.24
287
Accidents involving vehicles at level crossing
1
300
1.1
240
No. of accidents per 1 million train km
247
1
0.88
124
0.9
0.77
0.75
5
0.62
0.61
0.6
0.59
0.57
210
209
0.53
0.51
0.5
0.46
0.42
0.45
0.41
200
0.36
130
0.37
116
168
165
164
8
160
152
14
1
142
136
136
115
121
121
128
2
247
113
111
2
108
1
3
96
92
100
122
65
84
7
56
92
90
86
1
66
1
69
1
3
57
64
4
4
3
89
3
3
1
47
68
6
2
1
57
84
2
75
74
2
71
69
2
3
56
57
51
46
42
40
32
0
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
?FY?
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Contents

• Countermeasures for Earthquakes
• Countermeasures for High Winds
• Countermeasures for Heavy Rain

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Contents

• Countermeasures for Earthquakes
• Countermeasures for High Winds
• Countermeasures for Heavy Rain

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Derailment of Shinkansen Train,
Caused by the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake
Date Time at 1756, October 23 in
2004 Seismic center the Mid Niigata
prefecture(N37.3,E138.9) Magnitude
6.8 Damage to railway structures on Shinkansen
line Pillars(shear failure) Tunnels
Bridges Damage to railway structures on
conventional lines Earthwork structures
Tunnels Bridges Other damage
Hydroelectric power plant
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Structural Damage (Shinkansen Line)
Uonuma tunnel
Myouken tunnel
Derailed spot
Wanatsu viaducts
Uono-River bridge
Muramatsu viaducts
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Up track (to Tokyo)
Outline of Derailment
NIIGATA
TOKYO
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Down?
?Up
22 axles were derailed Car 1 went into the
waterchannel, and the body sloped about 30
degrees
Down track (to Niigata)
Car 1 (The rearmost car)
Car 10 (The head car)
Car 1 (The rearmost car)
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Rocking Derailment
Tremor
Tremor
Tremor
The flange lands on the rail.
The wheel rises from the rail.
The body rolls from earthquake tremor.
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Rocking Derailment
Like a rocking chair
Derailed!
Tremor
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Countermeasures being taken by JR East for
Earthquakes
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Measures to Prevent Structural Damage
Reinforcement work on viaduct pillars
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Measures to Stop Trains Immediately
at Occurrence of Earthquake
1. Improvement of the Shinkansen Early Stage
Earthquake Detection System
Change of method to estimate earthquakes
size Addition of power transmission stop
function
according to earthquakes
size Change of judgment index for train
operation (Maximum acceleration (unitgal
)? SI value (unitkine)) Addition of
seismometers
2. Installation of Power Failure Detection Device
in Cars
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Preventing Cars from Deviating off Track
in a Derailment
L-shaped Car Guide Equipment
Measures to Prevent Breakage of Rail Joints
Development of the rail fall arrester
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Contents

• Countermeasures for Earthquakes
• Countermeasures for High Winds
• Countermeasures for Heavy Rain

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Derailment of Express Train on Uetsu Line
Date Time
1914,December 25, 2005
Place
Between Sagoshi and Kita-Amarume stations, Uetsu
Line
Train
The Inaho No.14 Limited express, 6-car train
(from Akita to Niigata)
Outline
All six cars of the train derailed while
crossing a bridge over the Mogami River. Three
of the cars ended up on their sides.
Damage
Fatalities 5 Injuries 33
Uetsu line Shinkansen lines Conventional lines
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Rough sketch of location
For Niigata
For Akita
Stopped position of the head car 158k075m
158k965m
158k338m
Direction of train
2nd Mogami River Bridge L627m
Anemometer
4 deck girder bridges 9 truss bridges
Embankment
Embankment
Structure
Anemometer
Enoki Over-road Bridge
Spot of Derailment
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Scene of Derailment
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Countermeasures taken by JR East for High Winds
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Countermeasures
taken by JR East for High Winds
1. Tentative Revision of the Regulation (Wind
Velocity)
2. Installation of Extra Anemometers
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Countermeasures
taken by JR East for High Winds
3. Addition of Wind-Break Fences
4. Addition and Inspection of Regulated Sections
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Countermeasures
taken by JR East for High Winds
5. Strong Wind Warning System
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True wind velocity
Predicted maximum wind velocity
Regulation value
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Wind velocity m/s
20
Before system
Regulation time
30 minutes
10
??????
?????
After system
????????
???????30m/s??????
0
Time
1900
1930
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Countermeasures
taken by JR East for High Winds
6. Trial of Method Applying Weather Information
to Operation Control
Echo Strength
Echo Top Altitude
Weather Chart
?Regulation Value? 1. Presence of a passing cold
front 2. An area in which the strength of a
thundercloud has the potential of 80 mm/h
rainfall or more is larger than 10 km2 3. The
height of the thundercloud is more than 6,000 m
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Countermeasures
taken by JR East for High Winds
7. Strong Wind Prediction by Doppler Radar
and Practical Use for Operation Control
Research of the prototype system detecting a
strong wind with a Doppler radar
Study with Meteorological Research
Institute Railway Technical Research
Institute Kyoto University
Doppler radar at Amarume station
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Contents

• Countermeasures for Earthquakes
• Countermeasures for Strong Winds
• Countermeasures for Heavy Rain

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Derailment at Rokuhara Station
August 29, 1988, at Rokuhara Station on the
Tohoku Line
An embankment over a river
collapsed due to flooding by heavy rain.
2 locomotives and 9 freight cars were derailed.
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Countermeasures taken by JR East for Heavy Rains
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Disaster Alarm System (PreDAS)
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Landslide Detecting System
Embankment Collapse Detection System
Cut Collapse Detection System
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Construction of Rain-Ready Facilities
Concrete lattice frames
Sand stopper fences
Cover of tunnel entrance and exit
Drainage
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Practical Precipitation and Runnning Regulation
3 practical precipitations with different
half-life
2. Landslide at Shallow stratum
3. Landslide at deep stratum
1. Localized erosion
Rain
3
Rain
2
Rain
1
practical precipitation
Outflow 3/h
Outflow 37/h
Outflow 11/h
practical precipitation
practical precipitation
Practical precipitation with half-life of 24 hours
Practical precipitation with half-life of 6 hours
Practical precipitation with half-life of 1.5
hours
Long index
Middle index
Short index
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Conclusion
JR East has taken various measures in
preparation of natural disasters after actual
accidents. Present measures do not yet
guarantee absolute protection against natural
disasters. We continue to research and develop
to improve safety measures along the progress of
technology.
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Thank you for your attention!!