Prepared by

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• An-Najah National University
• Faculty of Engineering
• Civil Engineering Department
• Graduation Project
• 3D Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction Design For
  Al-Manar Building
• Supervised By
• Dr Imad AL-Qasem

Prepared by Ayman Naalweh Mustafa
Mayyaleh Nidal Turkoman
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3Ds For Al-Manar Building

• GRADUATION PROJECT
• December 2010

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SUBJECTS TO BE COVERED

• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• Chapter Two Slab
• Chapter Three Beams
• Chapter Four Columns
• Chapter Five Footing
• Chapter Six Checks
• Chapter Seven Dynamic Analysis
• Chapter Eight Soil Structure Interaction

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Abstract

• AL-Manar building composed of seven stories
  office building. Each floor is composed of equal
  surface area of 1925 m2 with 3.5 meter height and
  long spans.
• The building analyzed under static loads using
  SAP 2000v12.
• After that the building was analyzed dynamically.
  
• Finally it was designed based on Soil Structure
  Interaction (SSI).

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INTRODUCTION

• About the project
• (AL-Manar) building in Ramallah, is an office
  building consists of seven floors having the same
  area and height, the first floor will be used as
  a garage.
• Philosophy of analysis design
• SAP2000 V12 is used for analysis and ultimate
  design method is used for design of slab, the
  slab are carried over drop beams.

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INTRODUCTION

• Materials of construction
• Reinforced concrete
• (?) 2.4 ton/m3 ,
• The required compressive strength after 28 days
  is
• fc 250 kg/cm2,
• For footings fc 280 kg/cm2
• For columns fc 500 kg/cm2
• Fy 4200 kg/cm2
• Soil capacity 3.5 kg/cm²

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INTRODUCTION

• loads
• Live load LL0.4 ton/m2
• Dead load DL(Calculated By SAP) , SID 0.3
  ton/m2
• Earthquake load its represents the lateral load
  that comes from an earthquake.

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INTRODUCTION

• Combinations
• Ultimate load 1.2D1.6L
• Codes Used
• American Concrete Institute Code (ACI
  318-05)
• Uniform Building Code 1997 (UBC97)

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SLAB

• One way solid slab is used
• Thickness of slab t Ln/24 12.9 cm use 15 cm
  ,d12 cm
• Slab consists of two strips (strip 1 2)

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SLAB

• ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR SLAB
• STRIP 1

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SLAB

• Mve. 1.28 ton.m
•  
• ? 0.0024
• As bottom ? b d 2.8 cm2
• Ast ? shrinkage bh 0.001810015 2.7 cm2
• Use 1 ? 12 mm /30 cm

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SLAB

• M ve 1.75 ton.m
• ? 0.0028
• Ast top 3.66 cm2
• Use 1 ? 12 mm/ 25cm
• Shrinkage steel 1 ? 12 mm / 30 cm
• Check shear
• Vu 2.95 ton at distance d from face of column.
• ? Vc ? (.53) (10) (b) (d) 0.750.53101.00.1
  2
• 7.54 ton gt 2.95 ton. Ok

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BEAMS

• BEAMS SYSTEM
• Beams will be designed using reaction
  method(Loads from slab reactions) in this
  project, all the beams are dropped, multi spans
  and large space beams.

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BEAMS

• DESIGN OF BEAM 1

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BEAMS

• DESIGN OF BEAM 1

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BEAMS

• DESIGN OF BEAM 1
• Positive moment on beam 1
• Mve 38.44 ton.m
• 
  0. 00624
• As bottom ? bd 14.4 cm2
•  
• As min 0.0033bd0.0033.30767.54 cm2 lt 14.4
  cm2
• Use 4 ? 22 mm

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BEAMS

• DESIGN OF BEAM 1
• Negative moment on beam 1
  
• M -ve 40.34 ton.m
• ? 0.0066
• As top 15.01 cm2
• Use 4 ? 22 mm
• Min. beam width ndb (n-1)S2ds2 cover
• b min 4(2.2) 3(2.5)2(2.5) 2(1)
• 23.3 cm lt 30 cm ok

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COLUMNS

• Columns System
• Columns are used primarily to support axial
  compressive loads, that coming from beams that
  stand over them.
• 24 columns in this project are classified into 2
  groups depending on the ultimate axial load and
  the shape.
• The ultimate axial load on each column is
  calculated from 3D SAP, and the reaction of beams
  as shown in next table

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COLUMNS

• Design of columns
• the capacity of column
• ?Pn max ? ? 0.85??'c (Ag - Ast) Fy Ast
  
• Ast 0.01 Ag (Assumed)
• All columns are considered as short columns
  .

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COLUMNS

• Columns Groups

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COLUMNS
Let
1

• Design columns in group (1)
• Pu 980 ton
• Check buckling
• The column
  is short
• K The effective length coefficient (1 braced
  frame )
• Lu unbraced length of the column
• r radius of gyration of the column cross section
• Let 1 , 16.67 lt 22 ?
  ok short column.
• ?Pn max ? ? 0.85??'c (Ag - Ast) Fy Ast

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COLUMNS
Let
1

• Design columns in group (1)
• ? Ag 4073 cm2
• Use 7070 ? Ag 4900 cm2
• ? Ast 0.01 4900 49
  cm2 (use 20 ?18)
• Spacing between stirrups
• Spacing between stirrups shall not exceed the
  least of the following
• 1) At least dimension of the column 70cm 
• 2) 16db 161.8 28.8 cm  
• 3) 48ds 481.0 48 cm
• use Ties (1 ? 10 mm/25 cm c/c)

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COLUMNS

• Summary

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FOOTING

• FOOTING SYSTEM
• All footings were designed as isolated
  footings.
• The design depends on the total axial load
  carried by each column.
• Groups of footings

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FOOTING

• Summary

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FOOTING

• Group 2 using sap

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FOOTING

• Group 2 using sap
• Moment per meter in x y 395.66/4.7 84.18
  ton.m/m
• Compare it with hand calculation Mu 88.73 ton.m
• of error 88.73-84.18/84.14 5.4

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FOOTING

• Tie Beam Design
• Tie beams are beams used to connect between
  columns necks, its work to provide resistance
  moments applied on the columns and to resist
  earthquakes load to provide limitation of
  footings movement.
• Tie beam was designed based on minimum
  requirements with dimensions of 30 cm width and
  50 cm depth.
• Use minimum area of steel , with cover 4 cm.

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CHECKS

• Check Compatibility
• This requires that the structure behave as
  one unit, so the computerized model should
  achieve compatibility, to be more approach to
  reality.

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CHECKS

• Check of equilibrium
• Dead load
• Columns

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CHECKS

• Slab  
• Area of slab 1846.2m
• Weight of slab 1846.22.40.157 4652.42 ton
• Beams

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CHECKS

• Super imposed dead load
• Super imposed dead load area of slab Super
  imposed on slab
• 
  1846.20.37 3877.02 ton
• Total dead load columns slabs beams super
  imposed
• 794.414652.423877.02
  4359.18 13683.03 ton
• Results from SAP
• Dead load 13947.82 ton
• Error in dead load
• of error (13947.82 -13683.03)/ 13683.03
  1.9 lt 5 ok

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CHECKS

• Live load
• Live load area of slab live load
• 1846.20.47 5169.36 ton
• Results from SAP
• Live load 5169.36
• Error in live load
• of error (5169.36 - 5169.36 )/5169.36 0 lt
  5 ok

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CHECKS

• Check stress strain relationship
• Taking beam 1 as example
• Stress Strain relationship is more
  difficult check compared with others, because of
  the large difference between values of 1D and 3D
  model, which usually appears during check .

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

• Period of structure
• Fundamental period of structure depends on
  the nature of building, in terms of mass and
  stiffness distribution in the building .
• (Define area mass for
  building)

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

• Check the modal response period from Sap by
  Rayleigh method
• Approximate method calculation
• Rayleigh law period 2 , Where
• M mass of floor
• displacement in direction of force (m)
• F force on the slab (ton)

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Rayleiph method calculation for 7 stories in x-
direction
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Response spectrum Analysis input IE seismic
factor (importance factor) 1.0 R response
modification factor (Ordinary frame) 3
PGA peak ground acceleration 0.2 g
According to seismic map for Palestine (Ramallah
city) Soil type SB (Rock) Ca seismic
coefficient for acceleration 0.2 Cv seismic
coefficient for velocity 0.2 Scale factor
3.27
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Definition of response spectrum function
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Define of earthquake load case in x-direction
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Base reaction for Response Spectrum
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Summary
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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• The process in which the response of the soil
  influences the motion of the structure and the
  motion of the structure influences the response
  of the soil is termed as soil-structure
  interaction (SSI).
• Neglecting SSI is reasonable for light structures
  in relatively stiff soil such as low rise
  buildings, however, The effect of SSI becomes
  prominent for heavy structures resting on
  relatively soft soils .

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• Soil structure model from SAP

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR BEAMS
• Beam 1

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• M ext. 32.73 ton.m
•  
• ? 0.0053
• As bottom ? bw d 12.0 cm2

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• SUMMARY

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• SUMMARY

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR SLAB
• STRIP 2

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• M ve1.18 ton.m
•  
• b100 cm, d12 cm
• ? 0.00221
• As bottom ? b d 2.6 cm2
• As min. 2.7 cm2
• Use 1 ? 12 mm /30 cm

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SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI)

• SUMMARY