Title: Chapter 3: The Playwright.
1Chapter 3 The Playwright.
- The nature of playwriting, the qualities that
make a fine play, and the process and career of
playwriting.
2What does a playwright do?
- The playwright provides the point of origin for
nearly every play production...the script. - More and more today, the role of the playwright
is to write the play and then to disappear - Todays playwright is considered an independent
artist whose work is executed primarily in
isolation.
3Some notable playwrights
Sophocles 497-406 BCE
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
4Notable American playwrights
5Notable European playwrights
621st Century Americans
Tony Kushner Neil La Bute
Sarah Ruhl
Suzi Lori Parks
7We are all playwrights
- As dreamers, we are all beginning playwrights
8Aspects of playwriting
- Drama is a form of literature and as such many
consider it to be a literary activity - Although the words write and wright are homonyms,
their meanings differ - A playwright makes plays as a wheelwright makes
wheels or a cartwright makes carts - So, although a literary art, playwriting is much
more than an arrangement of words, rather it is a
blueprint for a play
9Examples of the playwrights craft
- Oh! Oh! Oh! (Shakespeares OTHELLO)
- Howl, howl, howl, howl! (KING LEAR)
- The above are more than text, they are pretexts
for great acting... - Playwrights use formal literary values that are
fully integrated into the whole of the theatrical
event
10Playwriting as event writing
- The core of the play is action...the ordering of
observable events that can be dramatized - A series of events forms a PLOT which are
expressed using the playwrights tools - Fundamentally, the playwright works with two
tools - Dialogue
- Physical action
11Events of a play are linked
- Chronologically (cause and effect) as in
realistic theatre. Such plays are CONTINUOUS in
structure and LINEAR in chronology - Many plays are discontinuous and nonlinear as
were many of our classic plays which were
character-driven and episodic - Shakespeares plays shift, time, place and action
- Modern and postmodern audiences accept whatever
structure the play requires
12Qualities of a fine play
13Credibility and intrigue
Death of a Salesman
14Peter Pan
15- CREDIBILITY is the audience imposed demand that
the plays actions and characters flow logically
and believably - INTRIGUE is that quality of a play that makes us
curious to know what will happen next
16Speakability
- A line of dialogue should be written so that it
achieve its maximum impact when spoken...as in
this example from Shaws MAJOR BARBARA - UNDERSHAFT hugely tickled You don't say so!
What! no capacity for business, no knowledge of
law, no sympathy with art, no pretension to
philosophy only a simple knowledge of the secret
that has puzzled all the philosophers, baffled
all the lawyers, muddled all the men of business,
and ruined most of the artists the secret of
right and wrong. Why, man, you're a genius,
master of masters, a god! At twenty-four, too!
17Stageability
- A STAGEABLE script is one which staging and stage
business are not adornments but essentials
18Flow
- A play that continuously says something to the
audience and is not constantly interrupted by
changes of scenery, shifts in time, or too many
act breaks (intermissions)
19Richness
- Depth, subtlety, fineness, quality, wholeness and
inevitability. Here is an example from Margaret
Edsons Pulitzer-Prize winning play WIT - VIVIAN. I dont mean to complain, but I am
becoming very sick. Very, very sick. Ultimately
sick, as it were. In everything I have done, I
have been steadfast, resolutesome would say to
the extreme. Now, as you can see, I am
distinguishing myself in illness....What we have
come to think of as me is, in fact, just the
specimen jar, just the dust jacket, just the
white piece of paper that bears the little black
marks. - Richness is not an easy quality to develop in
writing
20A scene from WIT
21Depth of Characterization
Anthony Sher as Richard III
Phylicia Rashad as Big Mamain Cat on a Hot, Tin
Roof
Laurence Olivier as Hamlet
22Gravity
- A plays theme must be important...
You just cant look at it like that. You got to
look at the whole thing. Now, you take a fellow
go out there, grab hold to a woman and think he
got something cause she sweet and soft to the
touch. Its in the world like everything else.
Touchings nice. It feels good. But you can lay
your hand upside a horse or a cat, and that feels
good tool Whats the difference? When you grab
hold to a woman, you got something there....
Roger Robinson as Bynum
23Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1)
- HAMLET To be, or not to be--that is the
question Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to
suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous
fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep-- No
more--and by a sleep to say we end The heartache,
and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is
heir to. 'Tis a consummation Devoutly to be
wished. To die, to sleep-- To sleep--perchance to
dream ay, there's the rub, For in that sleep of
death what dreams may come When we have shuffled
off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There's
the respect That makes calamity of so long
life....
24Pertinence
- The play needs to be relevant to its time.
Arthur Miller wrote THE CRUCIBLE in the 1950s
during the McCarthy hearings to mirror the
witch-hunting frenzy in 1692 New England...
25Other qualities
- COMPRESSION refers to the playwrights skill in
condensing a story - ECONOMY relates to an authors skill in
eliminating or consolidating characters, events,
locales and words - INTENSITY is the result of the playwrights
success in compression and economy AND can take
many forms...harsh, abrasive, explosive, calm,
physical, etc.
26Celebration
- Finally, a play celebrates life...relishing the
human experience in all its forms
27Playwrights Process
- DIALOGUE should sound fresh and authentic as if
the words spoken really happened - CONFLICT is at the core of drama, but if forced
can come across as ineffective. Events such as
discovery, victory, rejection, revelation,
separation, or death are climactic scenes in a
play and define structure. - STRUCTURE connects the various parts of the play
together in a whole...some playwrights work from
outlines, others from inspiration, still others
from transcripts. But wherever the structure
comes from, it needs to work.
28Playwrights rewards
The rewards are tangible and intangible. At
its best, playwriting is more than a profession
and more than just a component of theatre. It is
a creative political act that enlarges human
experience and enriches our lives...
The Pulitzer Prize
Edward Albee withthe TONY Award
29Current American Playwrights
Race NYC, 2010
30Tony Kushner
Born 1956
31David Henry Hwang
...was awarded the 1988 Tony, Drama Desk, Outer
Critics, and John Gassner Awards for his Broadway
debut, M. Butterfly, which was also a finalist
for the Pulitzer Prize. For his play Golden
Child, he received a 1998 Tony nomination and a
1997 OBIE Award. His new book for Rodgers
Hammerstein's Flower Drum Song earned him his
third Tony nomination in 2003. He was the book
writer of Disney's Tarzan, with score by Phil
Collins, and also co-authored the book for Elton
John and Tim Rice's Aida, which ran almost five
years on Broadway and won four Tony Awards.
Born 1957
32M. Butterfly
33Neil LaBute (Born 1963)
34Playwriting credits
- Filthy Talk For Troubled Times (1989)
- In the Company of Men (1992)
- Bash Latter-Day Plays (1999)
- The Shape of Things (2001)
- The Distance From Here (2002)
- The Mercy Seat (2002)
- Autobahn (2003)
- Fat Pig (2004)
- This Is How It Goes (2005)
- Some Girl(s) (2005)
- Wrecks (2005)
- In A Dark Dark House (2007)
- reasons to be pretty (2008)
- Helter Skelter Land of the Dead (2008)
- The Break of Noon (2010)
- The New Testament Helter Skelter (2009)
- Some White Chick (2009)
- The Furies (2009)
35Suzan-Lori Parks
Born 1964
36Lynn Nottage
Ruined (2009 Pulitzer Prize) Intimate Apparel
(2003) Mother Courage (adaptation)(1998) Crumb
s from the Table of Joy (1995)
Born 1964
37Up close Arthur Miller
- Arthur Miller was one of the major dramatists of
the twentieth century. In the years before his
death he often was called the greatest living
American playwright. - BORN October 17, 1925
- DIED February 10, 2005
- SOURCE Marino, Stephen. "Arthur Miller". The
Literary Encyclopedia. First published 16 May
2008http//www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec
trueUID3116, accessed September 2010.
38- He earned this reputation during a career of more
than seventy years, from his first plays as an
undergraduate at the University of Michigan in
the 1930s to his achieved critical success in the
1940s with All My Sons (1947) and Death of a
Salesman (1949). In the 1950s he wrote The
Crucible (1953) and A View from the Bridge
(1955), refused to name names at his appearance
before the House Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAC), and had a celebrated marriage
to the film actress Marilyn Monroe.
39- He produced a critically acclaimed autobiography,
Timebends (1987), and premiered new plays on
Broadway and in London in the 1990s. In the new
millennium, Miller remained as active as at the
beginning of his career, publishing a collection
of essays, Echoes Down the Corridor (2000), and
completing two new plays, Resurrection Blues
(2002) and Finishing the Picture (2004), which
premiered a few months before his death.
40- Recipient of the New York Drama Critics Circle
Award for All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, and A
View From the Bridge... -
ALL MY SONS on Broadway with John Lithgow, Dianne
Wiest, Josh Lucas and Katie Holmes (2008).
41(No Transcript)
42Death of a Salesman
43- ...the Pulitzer Prize for Death of a Salesman,
the Tony Award for All My Sons, Death of a
Salesman, The Crucible, and Lifetime Achievement
and the Olivier Award for Broken Glass...
44- ...Miller clearly ranks with the other truly
great figures of American drama Eugene ONeill,
Tennessee Williams, and Edward Albee and the
pantheon of great world dramatists, such as
Chekov, Strindberg, Shaw and Beckett.
45Broadway revival of A VIEWFROM THE BRIDGE,
2009-10
46- Arthur Miller was not only a literary giant, but
also one of the more significant political,
cultural, and social figures of his time,
well-known as a man of conviction, with
rock-solid integrity, who frequently took popular
and unpopular stands on many issues. At his
death, the front page headline of The New York
Times called him the moral voice of the American
stage. In the great themes of his work guilt
and betrayal, family and society, individual and
social conscience, private and public
responsibility he confronted the ethical issues
of his time.
47In his own words...
48- Plays by Arthur Miller
- The Golden Years
- The Man Who Had All the Luck
- All My Sons
- Death of a Salesman
- An Enemy of the People
- The Crucible
- A View from the Bridge
- After the Fall
- A Memory of Two Mondays
- Incident at Vichy
- The Price
- The Creation of the World and Other Business
- The Archbishops Ceiling
- The American Clock
- Playing for Time
- The Ride Down Mt. Morgan
- Broken Glass
49- One-Act Plays
- A View from the Bridge (one-act version)
- A Memory of Two Mondays
- Fame / The Reason Why
- Two Way Mirror Elegy for a Lady Some
Kind of Love Story - Danger Memory! I Cant Remember Anything
Clara - The Last Yankee
- Screenplays
- The Misfits
- Everybody Wins
- The Crucible
- Autobiography
- Timebends