Nanotechnology and The Virus World

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Nanotechnology and The Virus World

• Definition of nanotech The science and
  technology of building electronic circuits from
  single atoms and molecules

This year is to be expected to be the first in
which the money put into nanotechnology research
and development globally by industry will exceed
the money coming from the government. -
Chemical and Engineering News May 05 Billions
of dollars are being moved around
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Current Molecular Motor Innovations and Research
Brief

• ATPase Powerhouse producing a major quantity of
  ATP from ADP but can also function backwards
  using ATP for energy as well.
• Work of Dr. Belcher Currently looking towards
  complex formations in nature on nanoscale. (How
  is an Abalone shell made?) Also, she researches
  applying these natural process to second
  generation electronical and magnetic nanodevices.
• Universal pronciples of motors. (Man made and
  natural)

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ATPase

• Complex of nine different types of proteins.
• (12nm x12nm)
• A shaft composed of six proteins that rotate on
  an axis. Hiroyuki Noji and colleges proved this
  in Japan with fluorescent marking, and based on
  ATP concentration and availability compared to
  rotations per minute found a close to 100
  operating efficiency.
• If the motor was as big as a person it would be
  able to spin a telephone pole 2 Km long
  (1rev/sec).
• Cornell sparked to harness this tremendous power.
  2 changes

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Dr. Angela Belcher

• Looks for patterns in Nature, applies these
  patterns to nano-biocomposites for second
  generation materials, i.e. Abalone shell has
  evolved over long time to form and control
  crystal structures of CaCO3,using protein
  regulation (3000x stronger than solid CaCO3).
• Evolve organisms, with green chemistry.

Goals To find and create biological molecules
that will grow and assemble electronic
materials in a lab setting on nanoscale. These
molecules will hopefully also serve as
self-corrective enzymes.
Examples Diatoms Algea (Coccolithophora) Bacter
iophage (pIII minor protien manipulation)
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Nanotechnology

• What is it and were is it going
• Definition 1) Nanotechnology comprises any
  technological developments on the nanometer
  scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. (One nanometer
  equals one thousandth of a micrometer or one
  millionth of a millimeter .) The term has
  sometimes been applied to any microscopic
  technology.
• 2) The royal academy of engineering came up with
  a more modem version in it report nanoscience and
  nanotechnologies. As the study of phenomena and
  manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular
  and macromolecular scales, where properties
  differ significantly from those at a larger
  scale and nanotechnologies as the design,
  characterization, production and application of
  structures, devices and systems by controlling
  shape and size at the nanometer scale.

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History From genetic engineering to modern day

• In 1959 Richard Feynman gave a talk entitled
  Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom.
• In 1974 Norio Taniguchi describe the precision
  manufacture of materials with nanometer
  tolerances
• In 1986 K Eric Drexler, particularly in his book
  Engines of Creation the Coming Era of
  Nanotechnology.

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GENETIC ENGINEERING

• In the 1950s show that if you grew a particular
  bacteriophage on stain A then not all of them
  died and then if you grew that mutant survivor of
  stain A and then grew the phage on the mutants
  there was a high survival rate.
• 1960 show that the mutant bacteria was
  incorporating the phage DNA into its own DNA.
• This discovery led to a great leap in
  understanding of genetics

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Nanoscience meets Genetics

• Using virus to carry medicine into host cells.
• Using RNA and DNA as a building blocks for the
  future
• Self replicating Nanobots.
• Molecule Motors
• Cures Cancer and Genetic disorders

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Potential risks

• Grey Goo
• Water soluble fullerene molecules cause brain
  damage
• Many Nanoparticles are made for heavy metals i.e.
  lead, gold and silver
• Nano dust
• Use of surface coating to prevent breakdown.

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What do I think the future will bring

• Intercellular self replicating nanobots
• New drug delivery systems
• Use of nano tech it all aspects of are lifes
• Nanotechnology will take of by leaps and bounds
  in the next 10 years

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Universal Motor Principles

• Motors using force production and translational
  motion of load (i.e. myosin, kinesin, dynein, RNA
  polymerase, winches, and rockets???!?!?) show
  linear relationships on a Motor mass v Maximum
  force output graph
• F 887 (mass0.667)
• Remember this covers 27 orders of magnitude
  of motor mass, and units are N/kg. r2 .994

• Motors using cyclical motion have more
  multi-axial stress (flying birds, bats and
  insects, turbofans, turbines, electric rotary
  motors, and piston engines) and also show linear
  relationship.
• F 55 (mass0.999)
• Mass-specific net force output averaged
• 57 N/kg. r2 .999

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Conclusion

• Based on the research and current paradigm shift
  I ill give three prediction for advancements in
  Nanotechnology and The Virus World.
• Machines that will live in your blood stream and
  regulate cancer cell lines and destroy unwanted
  mutations before becoming fatal.
• Viruses that are used as vectors for nanowires
  and computer engineering of a different kind,
  using biodegradable nontoxic means of
  nano-machinery engineering.
• Virus capsids will be used as models to the next
  generation nanomachinery warehouse and delivery
  system.