CS101 On Your Own

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CS101 On Your Own

• On Your Own
• Supplemental Computer Parts

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Supplemental Information

• The information on the following slides supports
  the information covered in lecture Computer Parts
  lecture.
• It is expected that students review the
  information covered in this PowerPoint on their
  own.

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Computer Hardware and Software

• Hardware the physical parts of the computer
• Software the instructions the computer follows
  to complete a task(s)
• Operating system and applications (or programs)
• The zeros and ones

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Case Information

• Cases come in different form factors. You buy a
  certain form factor to make sure all the parts
  you buy for your computer will fit inside the
  case.
• Currently, the most common form factor is ATX
• ATX form factors are being replaced (slowly) by
  BTX
• BTX offers better cooling using less fans
• There are five common types of cases
• Tower
• Desktop
• Small Form Factor
• Laptop
• Tablet
• Larger cases take up more space but offer more
  expansion options

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Tower Case

• Most common case used for computers is the tower
  case
• The tower case comes in three styles which are
  based on size
• Full size tower
• Mid size tower
• Mini tower

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Full size tower case

• Full size tower cases offer lots of room to later
  add new components to your computer.
• Full size towers take up lots of space

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Mid size tower case

• Mid size tower cases have less room to later add
  new components to your computer.
• Mid size towers take up less space

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Mini tower case

• Mini size tower cases offer less room to later
  add new components to your computer.
• Mini size towers take up less space

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Desktop case

• Desktop size cases allow you to place the monitor
  on top of the case
• Desktop cases usually offer less room to later
  add new components to your computer.
• Desktop size cases take up less space

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Small form factor case

• Small form factor size cases come in many styles.
• Small form factor cases usually offer little
  options to later add new components to your
  computer.
• Small form factor size cases take up small
  amounts of space

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Laptop case

• Laptop cases offer little options to later add
  new components to your computer.
• Laptop cases take up small amounts of space
• Laptops are very portable

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Tablet case

• Tablet cases offer little options to later add
  new components to your computer
• Tablet cases take up small amounts of space
• Tablets are very portable
• Tablets can be converted to touch screen use

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Computer Ports

• Ports on computers allow information to be
  inputted and outputted from computers.
• Ports on todays computers can be classified as
  either legacy (old) ports which are being phased
  out, or evolving (new) ports which are in use and
  constantly being upgraded.

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Ports can be found

• On the back of the computer
• On the front of the computer
• Handy for easy access
• On expansion cards on back of computer
• Discussed in detail later
• On external devices
• LCD display may have USB ports on it

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Legacy (Old) Ports

• The following ports are considered legacy ports
  and are in the process of disappearing from
  computers
• New input and output devices are not designed to
  use these ports
• You only need these ports on a new computer if
  you have old devices you want to use on the new
  computer

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PS/2 Port (or DIN Port)

• The PS/2 port, or sometimes referred to as the
  DIN port, is frequently used to hook up an old
  style mouse or keyboard.

There are two PS/2 ports (purple and green) in
the above photo
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Serial Port (or Com Port)

• The serial port, or sometimes referred to as the
  com port (short for communications), is
  frequently used to hook up an old style external
  dialup modem to a computer.

There are two blue serial ports in the above
photo
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Parallel Port (or Printer Port)

• The parallel port, or sometimes referred to as
  the printer port, is frequently used to hookup an
  old style printer to a computer.

There is one pink parallel port in the above photo
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VGA Port

• The VGA port is frequently used to hook up an old
  style CRT monitor, or an inexpensive LCD display
  to the computer.

There is one blue VGA port in the above photo
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Analog Audio Ports

• Analog audio ports allow analog sound into and
  out of the computer. Many devices such as
  external speakers and microphones still use these
  ports.

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RJ-11 or Phone Port

• The RJ-11 port, or sometimes called the phone
  port, is frequently used to hook up an old style
  dialup modem or fax machine to the computer.

There is one phone in and one phone out port in
the above photo
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New Ports

• The following ports are considered evolving ports
  and are in the process of replacing the older
  ports just listed
• New input and output devices will be designed to
  use these ports
• You need these ports on a new computer if you
  plan to buy new input and output devices for your
  computer in the future

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USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port

• The USB port is now the most common way to
  connect input and output devices to computers.
  Many devices such as keyboards, mouse, printers,
  modems, scanners, cameras, etc use the USB port.

There are 4 USB 2.0 ports in the above photo
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USB Information

• USB comes in two speeds
• USB 1.1 11 Mbps (Mega Bits Per Second)
• USB 2.0 480 Mbps
• 2.0 devices are backward compatible with 1.1
  ports, but will run at slower speed when plugged
  into 1.1 port
• USB ports are Hot Swappable
• Do not need to turn off computer to plug or
  unplug a device
• USB ports support Daisy Chaining
• Up to 127 devices can be connected to one port
• Only a few devices should get power from port
• May need to use a powered USB hub to add more
  devices

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Firewire (IEEE 1394) Port

• The Firewire port is another common way to
  connect input and output devices to computers.
  Many devices such as video cameras, external hard
  drives, scanners, etc use the Firewire port.

There is 1 Firewire port in the above photo
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Firewire Information

• Firewire comes in two speeds
• Firewire 400 400 Mbps (Mega Bits Per Second)
• Firewire 800 800 Mbps
• 800 devices are backward compatible with 400
  ports, but will run at slower speed when plugged
  into 400 port
• Firewire ports are Hot Swappable
• Do not need to turn off computer to plug or
  unplug a device
• Firewire ports support Daisy Chaining
• Up to 63 devices can be connected to one port
• Only a few devices should get power from port
• May need to use a powered Firewire hub to add
  more devices

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eSATA Port

• External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or
  eSATA is an external interface for SATA
  technologies.

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eSATA Information

• Uses same type of bus as internal hard drives so
  data does not need to change forms to be
  transferred as it does with USB and Firewire.
  This creates a faster transfer speed
• eSATA 150 1200 Mbps
• eSATA 300 2400 Mbps
• Can support hot swapping, but not daisy chaining.
  
• Does not provide power.

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DVI (Digital Video Interface) Port

• The DVI port is a common way to connect LCD
  displays to computers. CRT monitors and cheaper
  LCDs do not have a DVI port on them.

There is 1 DVI port in the above photo
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S/PDIF Port

• Short for Sony/Philips Digital Interface, a
  standard audio file transfer format. S/PDIF
  allows the transfer of digital audio signals from
  one device to another without having to be
  converted first to an analog format. Maintaining
  the viability of a digital signal prevents the
  quality of the signal from degrading when it is
  converted to analog.

There is one in S/PDIF port and one out S/PDIF
port in the above photo
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RJ-45 (LAN or Ethernet) Port

• The RJ-45, sometimes called the Local Area
  Network or Ethernet port, is a common way to
  connect a computer to a local area network or a
  broadband connection to the Internet.

There is one RJ-45 port in the above photo
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What if I am missing a port I need on my
computer, or a new type of port is invented that
I need to add to my computer?

• Then hopefully you have expansion slots

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Expansion Slots

• A connector on a computer's motherboard into
  which an expansion card, such as a sound card,
  video card, USB card, modem card, etc fits.
  Expansion slots are a means of adding or
  enhancing the computer's features and
  capabilities.

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Expansion Cards

• An expansion card, such as a sound card (above
  right), video card, USB card, modem card, etc,
  fits into an expansion slot on the motherboard
  (below right). Expansion slots are a means of
  adding or enhancing the computer's features and
  capabilities.

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Expansion Slot Openings

• Expansion slot openings are located on the back
  of the computer. They look like the ones shown in
  the picture to the right. They provide access to
  the expansion slots on the motherboard and the
  cards in those slots

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Expansion Slot Information

• PCI expansion slots are the most common type of
  expansion slots
• PCI express is replacing PCI slots and will
  become the most common type of expansion slot
• PCI express slots are usually described by how
  fast they are
• PCIe x1 250Mbps
• PCIe x2 500Mbps
• PCIe x4 1000Mbps
• PCIe x16 4000Mbps (used for graphics cards)

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Current computers offer both slots

• PCI expansion slots and PCI express expansion
  slots can now both be found on a modern
  computers motherboard

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Laptops have expansion slots

• PC-Card slots (the slot formerly known as
  "PCMCIA")
• PC- Cards come in three sizes
• Type I (3.3 mm thick)
• Type II (5 mm thick)
• Type III (10.5 mm thick)
• Express Card slots
• Express Cards come in two sizes
• Express Card/34 (34 mm thick)
• Express Card/54 (54 mm thick)

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Input and Output points

• Make sure your computer has all the ports you
  need
• Make sure your computer has expansion slots to
  add ports when you need to

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Process Information

• Once information is inside the computer it must
  be processed by the computer
• Information inside the computer is processed by
  the computers processor
• Many parts inside the computer are needed so that
  the processor can carry out its task

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The Processor (or CPU)

• The processors currently found in most Windows
  machines are made by either Intel or AMD
  (Advanced Micro Devices)
• The processor is made up of switches
• Latest Intel processor has 820 million switches
• Switches can be either On or Off
• The processor is where information changes form
  in a computer
• We will figure out how in an upcoming lecture
• A computer processor needs many additional
  computer components so it can do its job.

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RAM

• RAM Random Access Memory
• Where zeros and ones can hang out in electrical
  form until needed by the processor or copied back
  to storage device
• RAM is made up of modules that plug into the RAM
  slots on your computers motherboard

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Power Supply

• Power supply needed to supply electrical power to
  computers component parts
• Power supply measured in watts
• Power supply needs enough watts to power
  computers current needs and later expansion.
• Power supply must fit case type
• ATX or BTX

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Motherboard

• Your motherboard determines your computers
  specifications
• Motherboard determines
• What type of processor
• What type of RAM
• What type of external ports and how many
• What type of expansion ports
• What type of hard drive
• What type of case form factor
• What type of power supply
• Etc
• When you choose your motherboard you are choosing
  what type of computer you will have

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Typical full size ATX motherboard

• Everything in your computer is hooked together by
  the motherboard
• This determines your computers abilities

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The back panel connectors of previous motherboard

• Everything in your computer is hooked together by
  the motherboard
• This determines your computers abilities

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Motherboard BUS system

• The motherboard BUS system moves zeros and ones
  around the computer
• You can see the wires embedded in the
  motherboards plastic
• BUS is not short for anything

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Storage Devices

• All the proceeding computer parts contain zeros
  and ones in electronic form when the computer is
  running and no zeros and ones when the computer
  is turned off.
• When the computer is turned off the zeros and
  ones in these areas are lost.
• To have zeros and ones survive when the power is
  turned off we need to have storage devices.
• Storage devices store zeros and ones so that they
  are not lost when the computer is turned off
• We will learn about storage devices in an
  upcoming lecture.