PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
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What is ATP?

• ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate
• Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphates

Phosphate
Adenine
Ribose
Triphosphate
ADENOSINE
3
Why ATP?

• Phosphates have a large amount of chemical
  energy. Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is
  broken, a large amount of usable cellular energy
  is released.

P
ADENOSINE
ENERGY
ADENOSINE
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ATP CYCLE

• Occurs continuously in cells
• About 10 million new ATP molecules are made in
  every cell every second!!!

2. Releasing EnergyEnergy released by breaking
bonds used to power cells

• Stored EnergyEnergy stored in chemical bonds.

4. Making ATP Energy released by other chemical
reactions and processes can be used to bond a
phosphate to ADP to make ATP
3. Energy DepletedADP has less chemical energy
than ATP
ADP

P
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Series of complex chemical processes that convert
  light energy into carbohydrates
• Overall Equation light H2O CO2 C6H12O6
  O2
• Occurs in Chloroplasts
• Two types of reactions Light Dependent
  Light Independent (aka. Calvin Cycle, Dark rxn)

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Photosynthesis Overview

• Fill in the picture on the top left of notes as
  animation plays
• http//academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/an
  imations/0054.swf

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FOCUS On . .

• Light dependent reaction Occurs in thylakoid
  membrane
• Photolysis of H2O Light 2H2O 4H O2
• Make NADPH ATP
• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/s
  tudent_view0/chapter10/animations.html

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FOCUS On . .

• Light Independent Reaction CALVIN CYCLE
• Occurs in Stroma of Chloroplast
• Use of CO2 to create Glucose (C6H12O6)
• Use of ATP NADPH from Light reactions
• ATP for energy to power chemical reactions
• NADPH hydrogen source to add to CO2 to make
  sugars
• Must cycle through 6 times in order to create one
  glucose molecule
• http//academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/an
  imations/0055.swf

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Falcon Five 10/20 Test your photosynthetic
knowledge

• The Calvin Cycle includesa. Light dependent rxns
  b. electron transport chain c. light independent
  rxns
• The Calvin Cycle takes place in thea.
  mitochondria b. stroma c. nucleus d. thylakoid
  membrane
• What product of the light dependent rxn is used
  in the Calvin Cyclea. oxygen b. carbon
  dioxide c. NADPH d. chlorophyll
• What is used in the first step of the Calvin
  Cyclea. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d.
  water
• How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to
  form one glucose molecule?a. one b. six c.
  two d. three
• Describe the two energy storing steps of
  photosynthesis.

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Cellular Respiration

• Where does the Glucose (C6H12O6) O2 from
  photosynthesis go?
• Used by both plant animal cells to create
  ATP!!!
• Releases energy
• Makes cell energy
• Close to the reverse of photosynthesis !
• Cellular Respiration Equation
• O2 C6H12O6 ? CO2 H2O ATP

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Cellular Respiration

• 3 step process
• Glycolysis
• Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain

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Step 1 GLYCOLYSIS
4 ADP
4 ATP
Glucose
2 - Pyruvate
2 - PGAL
2 NAD
2 NADH

• Occurs in Cytoplasm of cell
• Anaerobic process (no O2 required)
• Net production of 2 ATP (make 4 but use 2)
• Releases only 2 of chemical energy that is
  stored in Glucose

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Step 2 Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

• Occurs in Mitochondria Matrix
• Requires presence of O2
• 2 Pyruvate from Glycolysis transformed into
  Acetyl CoA enters cycle
• Net production of
• 2 ATP
• 2 FADH
• 6 NADH

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Step 3 Electron Transport Chain

• Remaining energy of glucose in electrons carried
  by NADH FADH
• NADH FADH enter electron transport chain in
  mitochondria cristae
• Produce 32 more ATP

From Alteration of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
From Krebs Cycle
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Summary of Cellular Respiration
CO2
In Cristae
In Matrix
H2O
32
2
2
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What if there is not enough or no O2 present?

• Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast)
• Pyruvate NADH ? Ethanol NAD CO2
• Used in baking, beer wine production
• Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Pyruvate NADH ? Lactic Acid NAD
• Strenuous exercise cant get all the O2 your
  cells need so use lactic acid fermentation
  Sore muscles!!!