Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis: www.karencarr.com

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The Plant Kingdom
PART ONE
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The Plant Kingdom
4 General Characteristics
1) Multi-celled organisms
2) Plants make their own food by photosynthesis
3) They have chloroplasts
organelle where photosynthesis takes place
chloroplasts-

• theyre green because they have chlorophyll

Chlorophyll-

• the chemical that gives plants their green color

• traps light energy for photosynthesis

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Chloroplast
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Chloroplast
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4 General Characteristics Contd
4) Plant cells have cell walls (animal cells do
not)
cells walls

• stiff cell walls give structure to each cell

• also supports the plant

• made of cellulose

• have holes through which cells share cytoplasm
  pass nutrients sugars, water, and hormones

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Photosynthesis
Prefix photo means
Light
Root word synthesis means
to make
Photosynthesis -
Process in which plants use water, carbon
dioxide, and energy from the sun to make food

• only occurs in the chloroplasts

• releases oxygen

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What process is illustrated here?
Photosynthesis
6CO2 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 6O2
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Products of Photosynthesis
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(No Transcript)
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2 Main Types of Plants
1) Vascular Plants

• broken into 2 more subgroups called

a) seedless plants
b) seed plants
2) Nonvascular Plants

• not broken into subgroups

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Vascular Plants
plants that have tube-like cells in their roots,
stems, leaves that carry H2O and nutrients
Vascular Plants-

• Vascular comes from the Latin word vasculum
  which means vessel

• they lose their leaves like a pet sheds

• roots, stems, and leaves of a plant are all
  called organs

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Vascular Plants 3 organs and their jobs
Vascular Plant Organs( roots, stems, leaves)
ROOTS-

• anchors the plant into the ground

• takes in H2O nutrients directly from the soil

STEMS-

• carry water to all parts of the plant

• holds the leaves up to the sunlight

LEAVES-

• place where all of the chloroplasts are located

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Vascular Plants 2 Types of Tubes

• vascular plants have 2 different types of
  tube-like structures inside them

a) xylem
b) phloem

• each one has a specific function (job)

• think of tiny pipes...like a plumbing system

tube-like cells that carry water dissolved
minerals from the roots to the leaves
Xylem -
tube-like cells that carry food, which is made in
the leaves, to all parts of the plant
Phloem-
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Xylem Phloem
Phloem
Take another
xylem
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Xylem Phloem
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Vascular Plants Two Main Groups
Seedless Plants
Seed Plants
1) seedless plants

• Vascular plant that DO NOT have seeds

Ex ferns
2) seed plants

• Vascular plant that have seeds for reproduction

Ex conifers flowering plants
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Vascular Plants Seedless (ferns)
Ferns- seedless plants

• usually grow in moist shady areas

typical fern

• they have adapted to grow in other environments

-aquatic (water)
-dry climates
-tropical regions
water horn fern
tropical fern

• stem stores the food water

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Vascular Plants Seedless (ferns)
The Fern Leaf

• divided into tiny leaflets that look feathery

• loses leaves at the end of each growing season

• ferns are classified by their leaves

The Fern Reproduction

• reproduce by spores formed on the underside of
  the leaf

• the cases that hold the spores look like brown
  and orange spots

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Vascular Plants Seedless (ferns)
4 Parts of a Fern
an underground stem that anchored by the roots
rhizoid-
anchor the fern
roots-
Frond-
full grown leaves that stand vertically
tightly coiled new leaves
Fiddlehead-
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Vascular Plants Seedless (ferns)
4 Parts of a Fern
roots-
rhizoid-
Frond-
Fiddlehead-
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Vascular Plants Seed Plants (conifers)
a type of seed plant that produces its seeds
inside a cone
Conifer-
2 main parts
embryo-
An organism that contains a new young plant and
stored food in its earliest stage of birth
seed-
A plant embryo that contains a new young plant
and stored food surrounded by a protective coat
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CONIFERS
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Vascular Plants Seed Plants (conifers)
2 Main Types of Plants
a type of conifer that keeps its leaves all year
long
Evergreens-
example pine, spruce, fir trees

• they lose their leaves like a pet sheds

(not all at the same time)

• some lose their leaves in the fall only such as

• larch, dawn redwood, bald cypress

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Vascular Plants Seed Plants (conifers)
5 important facts about conifers
1) ¾ of the worlds lumber is from conifers
2) provide almost all of the worlds paper
3) source of turpentine's, disinfectants, and fuel
4) Provides food for many animals
5) Provides shelter for many animals
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Vascular Plants Seed Plants (conifers)
Brainstorm
Directions List 10 items that are made from
conifers
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Slide Questions Part One (slides 1-10)
Directions Answer the following questions
1) List the 4 general characteristics of plants
2) Define photosynthesis.
3) In which organelle does photosynthesis take
place?
4) What are the 3 main ingredients for
photosynthesis?
5) List two function (job) of the cell wall in
plants.
6) List the two main types of plants.