Plant Life Cycles

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Plant Life Cycles

• Chapter 2

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What is a Life Cycle?

• from the time a seed is planted until a seed is
  produced

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What are the Life Cycles?

• Annuals, Biennials, Perennials

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Annual

• complete life cycle in one growing season
• can be summer annuals (spring wheat, barley) or
  winter annuals (winter wheat)

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Biennials

• require two growing seasons to produce seed
• first season plant produces vegetation, second
  season seed (sugar beet, carrot)

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Perennials

• indefinite growth, can produce seed annually
  (grasses, trees, shrubs, onion)

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What is a Seed?

• package containing an embryo (miniature plant)
  and food
• seeds are alive, need air

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What is Germination?

• process where embryo changes to seedling (growing
  plant)

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What conditions are necessary for germination?

• 1) moisture
• 2) correct temperature
• 3) air
• 4) some seeds need light
• 5) some seeds need help (break seed coat
  sunflower, remove a chemical from seed, heat,
  chill winter wheat)

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What are Warm Season Crops?

• soil temperature must be 70 degrees F or more for
  germination (corn, rice, cotton, melons)

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What are Cool Season Crops?

• soil temp below 70 degrees F (wheat, barley,
  beets)

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How deep do seeds need to be planted?

• the size of the seed determines
• larger seed deeper
• corn 4"
• bluegrass 1/4"

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Germination Process

• 1) seed absorbs water, swells
• 2) water activates enzymes which help digest
  stored food
• 3) root grows
• 4) shoot emerges (is now a seedling)

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What is vegetative growth?

• plant produces food for itself
• extra food is stored in roots, stems, etc.

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What is Tillering (Stooling)?

• when new stems are formed in grass plants

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What is Jointing?

• stems of grass plants elongate rapidly

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What is Respiration?

• process how plants get energy from its stored food

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How is food stored in plants?

• form of carbohydrates (sugars)

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How does respiration work?

• Food Oxygen --gt Carbon Dioxide Water Energy

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What factors can influence the rate of
respiration?

• 1) high temps high rate of respiration
• 2) high amounts of light high rate
• 3) high amounts of water high rate

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What is Photosynthesis?

• process of converting water and carbon dioxide
  into food (sugar) and oxygen in the presence of
  chlorophyll and light
• photosynthesis and respiration are opposite cycles

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What is Transpiration?

• process of returning water to the air (in the
  form of gas)
• 99 of water taken in by roots is transpired
• Wilt plant transpires more than it takes in

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What are Nutrients?

• elements needed by plants to grow

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What are Macronutrients?

• needed in large amounts
• C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)
• plants get C, H, O from air and water

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What are Primary Nutrients?

• N, P, K

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What are Secondary Nutrients?

• Ca, Mg, S
• needed less

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What are Micronutrients?

• needed in small amounts, but essential
• excess amounts are toxic
• Fe, Bo, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl

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16 Essential Nutrients

• C HOPKNS CaFe Mg B Mn CuZn ClMo
• C Hopkins Café Managed By Mine Cousin Clomo

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