December 9-13, 2002

1
Instrument Suite on NPOESS
Direct Readout Users Conference
December 9-13, 2002
2
NPOESS Payloads
METOP
TBD
NPOESS Instruments
NPP
0930
0530
1330
0930
1030
IPO Developed Visible/IR Imager Radiometer
Suite (VIIRS) X X X X
(AVHRR) X Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)
X X X (IASI/HIRS) X Conical MW
Imager/Sounder (CMIS) X
X X Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite
(OMPS) X X (GOME) X GPS Occultation
Sensor (GPSOS)
X X (GRAS) Space Environmental Sensor
Suite (SESS) X X
(SEM) Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
X Leveraged Advanced
Technology MW Sounder (ATMS) X X
X (AMSU/MHS) X ARGOS-Data Collection System
(A-DCS) X X X Search and
Rescue (SARSAT)
X X X X Earth Radiation Budget
Sensor (ERBS) X Total Solar Irradiance
Sensor (TSIS) X Radar
altimeter (ALT)
X Advanced Scatterometer
(ASCAT) X
Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need
to replace satellite
3
NPOESS Satellite
CMIS
ATMS
CMIS - µwave imager VIIRS - vis/IR
imager CrIS - IR sounder ATMS - µwave
sounder OMPS - ozone GPSOS - GPS
occultation ADCS - data collection SESS -
space environment APS - aerosol
polarimeter SARSAT - search rescue TSIS -
solar irradiance ERBS - Earth radiation
budget ALT - altimeter
CrIS
VIIRS
OMPS
ERBS
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
Single satellite design with common sensor
locations
4
Instruments inDevelopment/Production Phase
Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS) ITT Industries
Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite
(VIIRS) Raytheon SBRS
Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder
(CMIS) Boeing
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
(ATMS) Northrop Grumman
Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball
Aerospace
5
Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite
6
NPOESS Instruments - VIIRS
Solar Diffuser
VIIRS Instrument Design
7
NPOESS Instruments - VIIRS
VIIRS Key Characteristics and Performance
Spectral Bands

Visible/ Near IR 9 plus Day/Night Band

Mid
Wave IR 8
-

Long
-
Wave IR 4
Imaging Optics 19.1 cm Aperture, 114 cm Focal
Length
Band
-
to
-
Band Registration (All Bands, Entire Scan)
gt 80 per Axis
Orbital Average Power 134 Watts (55 Margin)
Mass 199 Kg
Multiple VIS and IR channels between 0.3 and 14
microns Imagery Spatial Resolution 400m _at_ NADIR
/ 800m _at_ EOS
Specifications
8
VIIRS Sensor Bands
VIIRS peak data rate 10.5 Mbps
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VIIRS SENSOR
Band data from a single scan of Earth View
scene Calibration data from a single scan of all
Calibration View scenes Stream type (HRD or
LRD) Spacecraft ID VIIRS Sensor ID VIIRS Sensor
mode Scan count Scan start and stop
times Spacecraft ephemeris Encoder timing
stability FPA offsets Calibration source
temperatures, FPA temperatures, and Optics
temperatures Band identification, view
identification, and compression type within the
data stream
The VIIRS Sensor will generate Raw Data Records
(RDRs) having the following data elements
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VIIRS SENSOR ALGORITHM
Flight software checksum Spacecraft related data
necessary for geolocation (from Spacecraft) Data
acquisition orbit number (From Spacecraft) Ascendi
ng Node Julian date and time tag (From Spacecraft)
While in Operational Mode, the VIIRS sensor will
append the following data elements to an RDR at
least every two seconds
VIIRS Mission Data Stream VIIRS Low Rate Data
Stream VIIRS Telemetry Data Stream Non-VIIRS
NPOESS Ancillary Data Non-NPOESS Auxiliary
Data VIIRS Ancillary Data
The VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem inputs shall be
Floods in Uruguay
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VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem
Provides software that, when combined with VIIRS
sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce
the following EDRs
. Imagery EDR . Aerosol Optical Thickness EDR .
Aerosol Particle Size Parameter EDR . Suspended
Matter EDR . Sea Surface Temperature EDR . Land
Surface Temperature EDR . Ice Surface Temperature
EDR . Active Fires EDR . Surface Albedo EDR .
Soil Moisture EDR . Vegetation Index EDR .
Surface Type EDR . Cloud Base Height EDR
. Cloud Cover/Layers EDR . Cloud Effective
Particle Size EDR . Cloud Optical Thickness EDR .
Cloud Top Temperature EDR . Cloud Top Pressure
EDR . Cloud Top Height EDR . Net Heat Flux EDR .
Ocean Color/Chlorophyll EDR . Fresh Water Ice
EDR . Snow Cover/Depth EDR . Sea Ice Age/Edge
Motion EDR . Precipitable Water EDR
Cloud Types
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Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
Ocean surface wind field and cloud imagery
All Weather Imaging Precipitation Measurement
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NPOESS Instruments - CMIS

• Current Design
• 257 kg. mass, momentum compensated
• 280 kbps data rate
• 340 W power consumption
• Deployable structure
• 6 GHz to 190 GHz measurement range
• 77 Channels
• gt0.9 reliability after 7 yrs. on orbit 8 yrs.
  storage
• Substantial redundancy
• --------------------------------------------------
  ---------------
• Two main reflectors
• LF 2.2 m
• HF 0.7 m
• Spin around common axis _at_ 31.6 RPM
• Two Feedhorn clusters 1 cluster allocated to
  each dish
• 16 Feeds
• LF cluster 12 feedhorns arranged on 3 Earth
  Incidence Angles
• HF cluster 4 feedhorns along a single arc with
  room for growth

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NPOESS Instruments - CMIS
Footprints
Scanning Alignment
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CMIS Channel Set 23-Oct-01
Cyclone Hudah
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CMIS Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
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Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
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NPOESS Instruments - CrIS
Spectral Range LWIR Band 650-1095 cm-1 MWIR
Band 1210-1750 cm-1 SWIR Band 2155-2550
cm-1 Spectral Resolution LWIR Band lt0.625cm-1 MWI
R Band lt1.25cm-1 SWIR Band lt2.50cm-1 Registration
Band-to-Band Co-registration lt1.4 FOV
Jitter lt50 urad/axis Mapping accuracy lt1.5
km Field-of-View (FOV) of FOV 3X3 FOV
Diameter (round) 14 km FOV shape match
lt0.05 Stability Radiometric lt.4LW, lt.5MW,
lt.65SW Spectral ILS lt1 of FWHM Spectral
shift errors lt5 ppm Mass 87 kg Power 91 W Data
rate 1.5 mbps Size 70X45X47

CrIS Instrument Characteristics
CrIS Instrument
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CrIS Design
20
The primary component of CrIS RDRs are
interferograms collected from 27 infrared
detectors that cover 3 IR bands and 9 Fields of
View (FOV). SDRs are processed RDRs, converted
to spectra, spectrally calibrated
,radiometrically calibrated and geolocated.
CrIS
CrIS Data Recovery
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CrIS Schedule

• EDU testing 9/6/02
• CDR 1/13/03
• Delta EDU testing 4/03
• Flight Unit 1 Assembly 8/03
• Flight Unit 1 Testing 4/04

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Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)
ATMS Instrument Characteristics
23
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
Description Collects data to permit the
calculation of the vertical and horizontal
distribution of Ozone in the earths atmosphere.
Primary instrument for satisfying 1 EDR.
Specifications Horizontal Res 50km _at_ Nadir
(column) 250km _at_ Nadir (profile) Vertical
Res 5km (tropopause thru 60km) Heritage and
Risk Reduction TOMS - Total Ozone Mapping
Spectrometer SBUV - Solar Backscatter
UltraViolet EUMETSAT - Global Ozone Monitoring
Experiment (GOME) on EUMETSAT/METOP ISIR - IR
Technology demo on STS-85 SOLSE/LORE - UV Limb
demo on STS-87
OMPS Fields of View
Contractor Ball Aerospace
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NPOESS Instruments - OMPS
OMPS Sensor Suite
OMPS Limb Profiler

• OMPS Mission Products
• The OMPS program will create five ozone
  products
• High performance Total Column
• environmental data records (EDR)
• Heritage TOMS V7 Total Column EDRs
• High performance Ozone Profile EDRs
• Heritage SBUV V6 Nadir Profile data records
• IR Total Column data records from Cross-
• track Infrared Sounder (CRIS) radiances

OMPS Nadir Mapper
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NPOESS Instruments - OMPS
Mass 63 kg Power 60
W Data rate 180 kbps Size
35 x 54 x 56 cm Total Column EDR Horizontal
Cell Size 50 km at nadir Measurement Range
50-650 Dobson Units (DU) Accuracy 15
DU or better Precision 3 DU 0.5 or
better Long-term Stability 1 over 7
years Ozone Profile EDR Vertical Coverage
Tropopause 60 km Vertical Cell Size 3
km Horiz. Cell Size 250
km Measurement Range 0.1 16 ppmv Accuracy
10 (15 60 km)
20 (Trop 15
km) Precision 3 (15 50
km) 10 (Trop 15km,
50-60km) Long-term Stability 2 over 7
years
Spectral Range Nadir mapper 300 - 380 nm Nadir
profiler 250 310 nm Limb profiler 290
1000 nm Spectral Sampling Interval Nadir mapper
2.4 pixels per FWHM Nadir profiler 2.4
pixels per FWHM Limb Profiler 2.0 pixels per
FWHM (Full Width Half
Maximum) Spectral Resolution (FWHM) Nadir mapper
1.0 nm Nadir profiler 1.0 nm Limb profiler
1.5 40 nm Field-of-View (FOV) Nadir mapper
110 x 0.3 deg Nadir profiler 16.7 x 0.3
deg Limb profiler 8.5 x 2.7 deg (3
slits) Revisit time Nadir mapper 24
hours Limb profiler 4 days (average)
In addition to providing operational ozone data
products, OMPS has the potential to provide other
surface and atmospheric science data, including
anthropogenic trace gases.
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OMPS Schedule

• General/Unique Instrument Interface Document
  released March 2002
• Limb / Nadir Sensor design will be finished by
  Jan. 2003
• The third Risk Reduction Review (RRR3) in July
  was a success
• Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Sensors is
  still possible for Dec. 2002
• Engineering Development Unit (EDU) assembly is in
  process
• Telescope alignment and electronic testing are
  main areas of effort
• Sensors assemblies complete by Jan. 2003 and
  suite testing by April 2003
• Algorithm CDR is scheduled for May 2003
• Most EDU parts will be received by Sept 2002
• Release of Flight Parts Lists and ordering of
  flight parts has started
• OMPS Flight Unit 1 delivered in Dec. 2004 for
  possible early flight of opportunity

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GPS Occultation Sensor

• Description
• Measures the refraction of radiowave signals from
  the GPS and Russias Global Navigation Satellite
  System (GLONASS) to characterize the Ionosphere.
  Primary instrument for electron density and
  ionospheric profiles. Secondary measurements
  for tropospheric temperature and humidity
  profiles.

Specifications Multiple GPS receivers to measure
electron density profile with vertical coverage
10km within 100km of E/F peaks and 20km
elsewhere Heritage and Risk Reduction EUMETSAT
- GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
Receiver for Atmospheric Sounder (GRAS) on
METOP GPS/MET - (Global Positioning System/
Meteorology)
Contractor Saab Ericsson
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NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS
METOP GRAS Electronics(GPSOS Predecessor)
METOP GRAS Antennas(GPSOS Predecessor)
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NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS
GPSOS Instrument Overview
GPSOS channels 1227 and 1575 GPSOS will not
use the LRD broadcast
GPSOS Schedule Software Test Readiness Review
Feb 03 EDU Test Readiness Review Feb 03
Software Verification Review April 03 CDR/EDU
Delivery June 03
GPSOS System Overview
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NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS
GPSOS Electronic Unit (GEU)
GPSOS Shaped Beam Antenna Patterns
31
Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS)

• Description
• Measures the near-Earth space environment in
  terms of neutral and charged particles, electron
  and magnetic fields, and optical signatures of
  aurora. Primary sensor suite for satisfying 14
  EDRs.

Specifications Multiple sensors to measure
auroral characteristics, geomagnetic field,
electron density profile, and total electron
content with 10 km vertical resolution from 60 km
to 3000 km Heritage and Risk Reduction DMSP
- Space Sensor POES - Space Environment Monitor
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SESS Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
Auroral Boundary Electron Density
Profile Electric Field Geomagnetic Field Auroral
Energy Deposition Neutral Density Profile Medium
Energy Charged Particles Energetic
Ions Supra-Thermal to Auroral Energy
Particles Auroral Imagery In-Situ Plasma
Fluctuations In-Situ Plasma Temperature Ionosperic
Scintillation Neutral Winds
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Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS)
Baseline Suite (Includes Two UV Imagers)
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Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)

• Description
• Make precise and accurate measurements of
  Total Solar Irradiance (TSI)
• Make the precise measurements of solar
  spectral irradiance

Specifications - TIM - 4 identical, right
circular, 15 apex angle conical cavity
detectors-cantilevered from a single support -
SIM - Contains two independent,
identical (mirror-image) spectrometers, which are
fully interchangeable -- provides the
redundancy, self-calibration capability, and duty
cycling required to meet the scientific
objectives. Heritage and Risk Reduction -
NASA/TSIM (TIM/SIM)/SORCE Total Solar
Irradiance Monitor Solar Radiation and
Climate Experiment - NASA/ACRIM Active Cavity
Radiometer Irradiance Monitor
CUT-AWAY OF TOTAL IRRADIANCE MONITOR INSTRUMENT
35
Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM)
Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM)
mas
Mass 21Kg Power 44W

Mass 8kg Power 14W
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TSIS on a Pointing Platform
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Leveraged InstrumentsAltimeter

• Description
• Collect sea surface elevation measurements to
  describe global ocean
• dynamics and their relationship to the Earth's
  environment climate change
• Integrate sea surface height information into
  ocean and climate models for
• long-term climate monitoring and prediction.

Specifications Horizontal Resolution -
Along-Track Cell Size - 7km - Along-Track
Posting - 0.7km Measurement Height Accuracy -
4cm Heritage and Risk Reduction Navy GEOSAT
GEOSAT Follow-On (GFO) Altimeters NASA TOPEX
Altimeter NASA/CNES Jason Altimeter
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Altimetry Objectives

• To measure sea surface height to an accuracy of 4
  cm. with a long term stability of 1mm per year
• Map the topography of the sea surface
• Establish global, long-term trends for ocean
  currents, which assist in weather prediction and
  understanding of the hydrologic cycle

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JASON - 1 ALTIMETRY
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JASON -1 INSTRUMENTS
ALTIMETER
LRA
DORIS
RADIOMETER
GPS
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LEVERAGED INSTRUMENTSEarth Radiation Budget
Sensor (ERBS)
Description Measures Earths radiation budget and
atmospheric radiation from the top of the
stratosphere to the surface
Specifications Three detectors spectral
ranges (CERES) - Total 0.3-50.0
microns - Shortwave 0.3-3.5 microns
- Longwave 8.0-12.0 microns Heritage and
Risk Reduction - NASA/CERES Clouds and
the Earth Radiant Energy System -
NASA/ERBE Earth Radiation Budget
Experiment
CERES INSTRUMENT
42
ERBS Objectives

• Measure the Earths radiation budget and
  atmospheric radiation from the top of the
  atmosphere to the surface
• Data are used to model oceanic and atmospheric
  energetics and contribute to extended range
  weather forecasts

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CERES Instrument (nominal cross-track position)
ACA
Base Plate
PCA
Pedestal Assy
ICA
SPS
DCA
SWICS / Blackbody Assy
DAA
ECA
Alignment Cube
Sensor Module Assy
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ERBS Heritage

• ERBE on Nimbus-7 (1978)
• ERBE on ERB Free Flyer, NOAA 9, 10 (1984)
• CERES on TRMM (1997)
• CERES(2) on Terra (1999)
• CERES (2) on Aqua (2002)