The Forgotten Pandemic The 1918 Flu Epidemic

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The Forgotten PandemicThe 1918 Flu Epidemic
Presentation by Robert Martinez Primary Content
Source Wikipedia Spanish Flu. Images as cited.
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• I had a little bird,
• Its name was Enza,
• I opened the window,
• And in-flew-enza.
• American Skipping Rhyme (circa 1918.)

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• The 1918 flu pandemic, commonly referred to as
  the Spanish flu, was an influenza pandemic that
  spread to nearly every part of the world.

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• It was caused by an unusually virulent and
  deadly influenza A virus strain called H1N1.
  Historical data is inadequate in identifying the
  geographic origin of the virus.

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• Most of its victims were healthy young adults,
  in contrast to most influenza outbreaks which
  predominantly affect juvenile, elderly, or
  otherwise weakened immune-system patients.

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• The pandemic lasted from March 1918 to June
  1920, spreading even to the Arctic and remote
  Pacific Islands.

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• It is estimated that anywhere from 20 to 100
  million people were killed worldwide. The
  pandemic is estimated to have affected up to one
  billion people, half the worlds population at
  the time.

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• In the United States, the disease was first
  observed at Fort Riley, Kansas on March 4, 1918,
  and in Queens, New York, on March 11, 1918.

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• The Allies of WW I came to call it the Spanish
  flu, primarily because the pandemic received
  greater press attention after it moved from
  France into Spain in November 1918. Spain was
  neutral during WWI, therefore, the press was not
  censured as in other warring countries.

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• Modern scientists have used tissue samples
  from frozen victims to reproduce the virus for
  study. Among the conclusions of this research is
  that the virus kills by a overreaction of the
  bodys immune system).

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• Therefore, the strong immune systems of young
  adults ravaged the body, whereas the weaker
  immune systems of children and middle-aged adults
  caused fewer deaths.

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• The global mortality rate from the pandemic is
  not known. Influenza may have killed as many as
  25 million in its first 25 weeks ( a fast killer.)

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• This pandemic has been described as the
  greatest medical holocaust in history and may
  have killed more people than the Black Death.

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Approximate Deaths Worldwide Samples

• India 17 million
• Japan 390,000
• U.S. 675,000
• England 250,000
• France 400,000
• Canada 50,000

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• This huge death toll was caused by an
  extremely high infection rate of up to 50, and
  the extreme severity of the symptoms.

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• One of the most striking of the complications
  was hemorrhaging (bleeding) from the mucous
  membranes, especially from the nose, stomach, and
  intestines, ears, and lesions in the skin.

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• Symptoms included a blue tint to the face and
  coughing up blood caused by severe obstruction of
  the lungs.

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• In some cases, the virus caused uncontrollable
  hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients
  drowned in their own body fluids (pneumonia.)

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• While WWI did not cause the flu, the close
  troop quarters and massive troop movements
  accelerated the pandemic, increasing transmission.

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• Some researchers speculate that the soldiers
  immune systems were weakened by malnourishment,
  and the stresses of combat and chemical attacks,
  increasing their susceptibility to the disease.

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• The virus helped tip the balance of power in
  the war towards the Allied cause. The flu hit the
  Central Powers before it the Allied Powers, and
  the mortality rates in Germany and Austria were
  considerably higher than Britain and France.

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• An additional factor of the Spanish flu (like
  today) was increased travel. Modern
  transportation systems made it easier for people
  to spread the disease quickly to communities
  worldwide.

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• The Great Influenza was the source of much
  fear in citizens around the world. Inflaming that
  fear was the fact that world governments and
  health officials were downplaying the situation.

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• While the panic from WWI was dwindling,
  governments attempted to keep morale up by
  spreading lies and downplaying the influenza.

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• While medical scientists attempted to discover
  a cure or vaccine, there was virtually no
  assistance from world governments. The war in
  Europe had become the 1 priority.

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• Many historians have called the Spanish flu
  the forgotten pandemic.

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• The majority of deaths, in both WWI and in the
  Spanish Flu epidemic, were young adults. The
  deaths caused by the flu may have been overlooked
  due to the large numbers of deaths in the war.

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• In addition, during this time period, pandemic
  outbreaks were not uncommon typhoid, yellow
  fever, diphtheria, and cholera all occurred near
  the same time period.

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Notable Epidemic Survivors
Presidents Woodrow Wilson Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Spanish Flu Survivors
Famed animator Walt Disney
Silent film super-star Mary Pickford
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Spanish Flu Survivors
U.S. General John J. Pershing, WWI
Wilhelm II, German Emperor, WWI
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Notable Flu Survivor
Leo Szilard, Inventor Nuclear Chain Reaction
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Swine Flu 2009
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Swine Flu 2009
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Swine Flu 2009
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Swine Flu 2009
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Texas cancels high school athletics as flu cases
grow to 16
Comal ISD/New Braunfels ISD closing all schools
SWINE FLU 1st Death in US is Child in Texas
All Comal schools closed until May 11
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