4G Technology

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4G Technology

• Presented
• By Nithin Raj

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4G Definition

• 4G is not one defined technology or standard, but
  rather a collection of technologies at creating
  fully packet-switched networks optimized for
  data.
• 4G Networks are projected to provide speed of
  100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.

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0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

• At the end of the 1940s, the first radio
  telephone service was introduced, and was
  designed to users in cars to the public land-line
  based telephone network.
• In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell Systems,
  called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
  brought quite a few improvements such as direct
  dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog
  systems were based upon IMTS and were created in
  the late 60s and early 70s.

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1G Technology

• 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless
  telephone technology was developed in 1970s.
• 1G had two major improvements
• the invention of the microprocessor
• the digital transform of the control link between
  the phone and the cell site.
• Analog signal

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2G Technology

• Around 1980s
• Better quality capacity - More people could use
  there phones at the same time
• Digital Signals consist of 0s 1s

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Previous Technology - 2G

• Digital consist of 0s and 1s
• Digital signal
• 1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
• and 4.Falling edge

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Previous Technology - 2G

• Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed
  much more effectively than analog voice encodings
• Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or
  digital data streams are combined into one signal
  
• For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is 9.6
  Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower than
  an ISDN

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Previous Technology - 2G

• Allows for lower powered radio signals that
  require less battery
• PowerCODEC introduction -program that encodes
  and decodes digital data stream or signal
• Translates data from digital to analog and vice
  versa

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Previous Technology - 2G
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Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G

• The digital voice encoding allows digital error
  checking
• increase sound quality
• lowers the noise level
• Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of
  digital data transfer
• SMS short message service
• E-mail

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Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G

• Cell towers had a limited coverage area
• Jagged Decay curve
• Abrupt dropped calls
• Analog gradual sound reduction
• Spotty coverage

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3G Technology

• Large capacity and broadband capabilities
• Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile
  systems and up to 2Mbps
• Increased spectrum efficiency 5Mhz
• A greater number of users that can be
  simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
  bandwidth
• High data rates at lower incremental cost than
  2GGlobal roaming

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Previous Technology - 3G

• CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
• Form of multiplexing
• Does not divide up the channel by time or
  frequency
• Encodes data with a special code associated with
  each channel

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Code Division Multiple Access
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Types of Multiplexing

• FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
• Each phone call is allocated one frequency for
  the entire duration of the call

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Types of Multiplexing

• TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
• Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
  frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes
  turns" being transmitted

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Types of Multiplexing

• CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
• Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
  transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a
  manner known as spread spectrum transmission

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Reasons for New Research

• Even though 3G has successfully been introduced
  to mobile users, there are some issues that are
  debated by 3G providers and users.
• High input fees for the 3G service licenses
• Great differences in the licensing terms
• 3G phones are expensive

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Fourth Generation
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What is 4G?

• Fourth Generation Technology
• Faster and more reliable
• 100 Mb/s
• Lower cost than previous generations
• Multi-standard wireless system
• Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
• Ad Hoc Networking
• IPv6 Core
• OFDM used instead of CDMA
• Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
• Most information is proprietary

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Communications Architecture

• Broadcast layer
• fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by
  fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)
• Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer
• wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbucks)

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Communications Architecture

• Personal Layer Gateway
• devices that connect to upper layers cell phone,
  fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
• Info-Sensor layer
• environmental sensors
• Fiber-optic wire layer
• high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
  cables and repeaters

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Ad Hoc Networks

• Spontaneous self organization of networks of
  devices
• Not necessarily connected to internet
• 4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad
  Hoc networks
• Form of mesh networkingVery reliable

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Enhance Mobile Gaming

• Experience enhance wireless capabilities that
  deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than
  five seconds
• Play online multi player games while traveling at
  high speeds or sitting outside

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Broadband access in Remote location

• 4G will provide a wireless alternative for
  broadband access
• I will provide first opportunity for broadband
  access in remote locations without an
  infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

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Thanking You