Word Recognition: Phonics, Word Families

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Word RecognitionPhonics, Word Families

• SPC ED 587
• October 18, 2006

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Literature Review Assignment

• Select at least 2 empirical articles that examine
  the efficacy of the instructional approach you
  have selected for your literacy project and
  synthesize findings across articles.
• Every effort must be made to find empirical
  articles that examine the use of the selected
  approach with individuals with intellectual or
  severe disabilities. If you are not certain about
  the applicability of an article, check with the
  professor prior to completing the paper.
• Literature reviews should be 7 12 pages in
  length and should follow the guidelines provided
  by the professor. To receive full points,
  students must attach copies of each article
  included in the review when the paper is
  submitted.

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• Grading Checklist for Literature Review
• Reviewed at least 2 empirical articles examining
  a single reading instruction approach/method for
  individuals with mental retardation/severe
  disabilities. Attached copies of each article
  
  /3 pts
• Described rationale/participants/procedures/findin
  gs/ recommendations across articles.
  /15 points
• Rationale (Why did you choose to examine this
  approach?)
• Participants (Who were individuals in the
  studies reviewed with whom the approach was
  used?)
• General Methods/Procedures (How was the
  approach implemented in these studies and how
  were reading/literacy skills assessed to
  determine the effectiveness of the approach?
• Findings or Results (What were the results of
  using this approach?)
• Implications (What can we learn from these
  research findings that will help us provide more
  effective instruction for our students with
  MR/severe disabilities?)
• Paper followed format guidelines provided in
  class 7-12 pages in length double-spaced and
  typed followed basic APA guidelines included a
  cover page, headers, page numbers, headings, and
  a reference page. Sources cited using APA
  guidelines.
  /2 pts
• TOTAL /20 points

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Phonics

• knowledge of letter-sound relationships
• reading instruction that teaches students to make
  the connections between phonemes (sounds) and the
  graphemes (letters)

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Phonics Instruction

• Analytic (implicit)
• Whole Part - Whole
• Synthetic (explicit)
• Part whole
• Patterns (word families)

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Sequencing Levels of Difficulty

• Begin instruction with sounds in the initial
  position
• cat, tan, map
• Then sounds in the final position
• cat, nap
• Then sounds in the medial position
• catnap,

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One Suggested Sequence of Instruction

• Letter Names/Phonemic Awareness
• Initial consonants
• Short vowels
• Easy long vowels
• Final consonants
• Initial-consonant clusters
• Long vowels fine e marker
• Long-vowel diagraphs and trigraphs
• Advanced consonant correspondences
• R-controlled correspondences
• Other Vowel correspondences

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Strategies for Word Analysis

• Find a pronounceable part (chunk)
• Is there any part of the word you can say?
• (Does not work with all words!)
• Analogy
• Say the part of the word you know. Then say the
  part you dont know.
• Context
• Say the word. Is it a real word? Does it make
  sense?
• Say blank for the word and read to the end of
  the sentence. Ask What would make sense here?

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Word Analysis Prompts
Strategy When Used Prompt
Pronounceable word part Unknown word contains a part student can say am or amp in champ Can you say any part of that word?
Analogy Unknown word is like a word student knows Unknown word grain is like known word rain Is this word like any word that you know?
Sound by sound Student is unable to chunk word. Words out word sound by sound /s/-/p/-/e/-/l/ spell Can you say the first sound, the next sound, the next sounds?
Context Student is unable to use phonics clues What would make sense here? Read to the end of the sentence and see what word would fit.
Monitoring Student checks to see if the word he pronounced is a real word and fits the context of the selection. Is that a real word? Does that make sense? Does that sound right?
Affirmation Teacher wishes to reinforce the students correct use of a strategy. I like the way you used a part of the word that you knew to help you say the whole word.