Prepared for the

1
Mining for Diamonds in the RoughResearch
Strategies that Produce Positive Results
Part II

• Prepared for the
• Professional Learning Communities of the
• Montana Educators Summer Institute
• by Dan Mulligan, June 2008

2
Effective Instruction 2

focuses on essential knowledge
and essential skills

• Three types of curricula exist in any classroom
• The Intended Curriculum content/skill specified
  by the state, division, or school at a particular
  grade level.
• The Implemented Curriculum content/skill
  actually delivered by the teacher.
• The Attained Curriculum content/skill actually
  learned by the students.

Implemented Curriculum
Attained Curriculum
Intended Curriculum
Montana Content Standards and PerformanceDescripto
rs
3
Content-Related Evidence of Validity(Attained
Curriculum)
Essential Skills Processes
Essential Knowledge
LEARNING TARGET (attained curriculum)
Essential Vocabulary
4
Demonstrate an understanding of and an ability to
use data analysis, probability, and statistics
Knowledge
Vocabulary
Skills
When is a relation called a function?
What does interact mean?
Which event will most likely occur? How do you
know?
5
Collecting QUALITATIVE Data

• Putting a Twist on the GLYPH method of collecting
  data
• Find the Glyph Page in your packet (yellow).
• Create a team of 2 by using your team number and
  the following rule
• Even number match with next highest odd number
  (e.g., 2 3, 4 5, 6
  7, )
• Highest even number match with person number 1.
• Interview your partner, using the categories from
  the next chart, to complete a Glyph OF YOUR
  PARTNER.
• Share your completed Glyph with your partner.
• Compare and contrast the 2 GLYPHS
  How are they
  the same? How are they different?

6
Checking for background knowledge What is a
hieroglyphic?
American Heritage Dictionary - hieroglyphic,
adj.   Of, relating to, or being a system of
writing, such as that of ancient Egypt, in which
pictorial symbols are used to represent meaning
or sounds or a combination of meaning and sound.
Written with such symbols.
7
Getting to Know YOU!!!
8
Involvement of all stakeholders (students,
parents, teachers and administrators) is
essential in improvement efforts. The process of
sustaining student achievement is to know what
students must be able to do, where you (they)
are, determine where you want them to be, then
figure out what actions will get you (them) there
and who is going to do this. Regular monitoring
of progress and resulting course corrections
completes the process.
9
Required pass rates for each subgroup
2007 tests reading (74) math (51)

10
Montana Comprehensive Assessment System MontCAS
If they cant read the question, you will never
know how much math they know! Dan, 08
11
Self Reliance
There are three types of baseball players--those
who make it happen, those who watch it happen,
and those who wonder what
happened. Tommy Lasorda
teachers administrators
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
Research-based Strategy Cooperative
learningPercentile Gain 27
Latoya and Kirk
Get It Together
16
Latoya and Kirk
LaToya 159 cm
Silk 108 cm

• 42
• 135
• 177
• 108
• 69
• 73
• 4 cm below

Shoulder 135 cm
Counter 73 cm
Stool 42 cm
17
Why Group Teams Heterogeneously?

• One high, one high medium, one low medium, and
  one low achieving student
• Produce the greatest opportunity for peer
  tutoring and active participation
• Maximum cross-race, cross-sex, cross-ability
  team contact
• Make classroom management easier - assign roles
• Balanced

18
The average student talks 35 seconds a day. The
student who is talking is growing dendrites.
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
Learning from Explaining Does It Matter if Mom
is Listening

• Learning improves dramatically among young
  children who take the time to explain academic
  concepts to their mothers or who explain their
  logic aloud to themselves.
• On a test of reasoning to 4 and 5 year olds
• Children who explained concepts to their mothers
  before taking a test scored correctly on 75 of
  questions
• Children who explained concepts aloud to
  themselves before taking a test scored correctly
  on 72 of questions
• Children who did not explain concepts at all
  prior to a test scored correctly on only 42 of
  questions
• The study examined youngsters ability to place
  toy insects in a certain pattern based on color
  and type.
• Breaden Research study completed in 2007

22
(No Transcript)
23
Instructional Strategies that Facilitate
Successful Inclusion Must

• Supply students with STRUCTURE and ORGANIZATION
• Encourage student COMMUNICATION and
  COLLABORATION
• Provide students with VISUAL and HANDS-ON
  learning experiences

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
A pupil from whom nothing isever demanded
which hecannot do, never does all he can.
John Stuart Mill
No one Rises to Low Expectations. Carl Boyd
30
Research Related to Teaching Reading Skills from
Cognitive Science
Premise The meaning of a text is NOT contained
in the words on the page. Instead, the reader
constructs meaning by making what she thinks is a
logical, sensible connection between the new
information she reads and what she already knows
about the topic.
Read the paragraph on the single sheet and fill
in the missing words. ENJOY! (this is NOT a test)
31

• The questions that p_____ face as they raise
  ch_____ from in_____ to adult life are not easy
  to an_____. Both fa_____ and m_____ can become
  concerned when health problems such as co_____
  arise any time after the e_____ stage to later
  life. Experts recommend that young ch_____ should
  have plenty of s_____ and nutritious food for
  healthy growth. B_____ and g_____ should not
  share the same b_____ or even sleep in the same
  r_____. They may be afraid of the d_____.

An essential element of checking for
understanding is for students to share the
meaning of essential content related vocabulary.
32

• The questions that poultrymen face as they
  raise chickens from incubation to adult life are
  not easy to answer. Both farmers and merchants
  can become concerned when health problems such as
  coccidiosis arise any time after the egg stage
  to later life. Experts recommend that young
  chicks should have plenty of sunshine and
  nutritious food for healthy growth. Banties and
  geese should not share the same barnyard or even
  sleep in the same roost. They may be afraid of
  the dark.
• Adapted from Madeline Hunter

33
Montana Comprehensive Assessment System MontCAS
34
What is higher order thinking?

• "Every day thinking, like ordinary walking, is a
  natural performance we all pick up. But good
  thinking, like running the l00-yard dash, is a
  technical performance... Sprinters have to be
  taught how to run the 100-yard dash good
  thinking is the result of good teaching, which
  includes much practice."
• David Perkins, Howard University

35

• Thinking Skills Test
• What kind of grollers were they?
• 2. What did the grollers do?
• 3. Where did they do it?
• 4. In what kind of gak did they grangle?
• 5. Place one line under the subject and two lines
  under the verb.

MoralStudents can answer low-levelquestions
without thinking. Students enter/exit
classroomswith no more understanding ofwhat
they've learned than"The Griney Groller"taught
you!
36
Blind Sequencing
37
A pupil from whom nothing isever demanded
which hecannot do, never does all he can.
John Stuart Mill
No one Rises to Low Expectations. Carl Boyd
38
(No Transcript)
39
Learning Goals

As a result of what we do today I will create
a story question involving fractions in the
solution. solve a story question from one of my
team members.
40
When students know what they are learning, their
performance, on average, has been shown to be 27
percentile points higher than students who do
not know what they are learning.
41
(No Transcript)
42
(No Transcript)
43
Part 2Using Qualitative Data to Focus Staff
Improvement Efforts
"THE GREATEST ENEMY OF UNDERSTANDING IS
COVERAGE" . Howard Gardner
44
Knowing the Learner
Directions Rank the symbols (1-4) in order from
most (1) like you as a learner to least (4) like
you as a learner.
45
Knowing the Learner
Learning Style of Beach Balls
46
Knowing the Learner
Learning Style of Microscopes
47
Knowing the Learner
Learning Style of Clipboards
48
Knowing the Learner
Learning Style of Puppies
49

• If an educator keeps using the same strategies
  over and over and the student keeps failing,

who really is the slow learner?
50
(No Transcript)
51
Multiple Intelligences in the Reading Classroom
52
Multiple Intelligences in the Reading Classroom
53
(No Transcript)
54
Choice Board or Tic-Tac-Toe

• This assessment strategy allows students to
  select their own preferences but still achieve
  the targeted essential knowledge and skills.
• Algebra Choice Board

55
Choice Board
56
Effective Instruction for Students with Special
Needs

• Essential Characteristics of effective
  instruction -
• Improves through regular assessments and
  evaluations
• focuses on essential knowledge and essential
  skills
• builds on students prior knowledge
• integrates higher level and basic skills
• provides instruction on specific strategies
• includes the frequent review of key concepts
• consistently uses collaborative learning
• focuses on student-directed instruction
• strives to be culturally and linguistically
  relevant and
• relies on shared responsibility and
  collaboration.
• Office of Educational Research and Improvement
  (OERI), US DOE, 2000