GxP and cGxP in Bio/Pharmaceutical Industry

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GxP and cGxP in Bio/Pharmaceutical Industry

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GxP and cGxP in Bio/Pharmaceutical Industry Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D Department of Pharmaceutics KLE University College of Pharmacy – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: GxP and cGxP in Bio/Pharmaceutical Industry


1
GxP and cGxP in Bio/Pharmaceutical Industry
  • Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D
  • Department of Pharmaceutics
  • KLE University College of Pharmacy
  • BELGAUM 590010, Karnataka, India
  • E-mail bknanjwade_at_yahoo.co.in
  • Cell No 00919742431000

2
GxP
  • The bio/pharmaceutical industry has created its
    own language and GxP is one of many acronyms that
    we all tend to use.
  • While this may seem elementary to some of you,
    many people may not know what this means.
  • G Goodx (variable replaced with Manufacturing,
    Clinical,
  • Laboratory, Storage, Distribution and
    Review) P Practice

3
GxP
  • As you can see, GxP is used as short-hand form
    for referring to the regulations established by
    the United States Food and Drug Administration
    which are published in the Code of Federal
    Regulations.
  • Sometimes people refer to the GCPs which
    specifically regards the rules that govern
    clinical trials vs. product manufacturing (GMPs)
    or laboratory regulations (GLPs).
  • Together, these are known collectively as the
    predicate rules that govern a wide spectrum of
    regulatory obligations across this diverse
    industry.

4
GxP
  • GxP is also where citations emanate from
    (typically) as regards FDA inspections.
  • When a regulation is cited, the title tells you
    where it is published.
  • For example 21 CFR 312.2
  • Means21 Title 21CFR Code of Federal
    Regulations312.2 (312 part and 2 section)

5
Lifecycle Requirements
6
GxP
  • GxP is a collective term for the Good Practice
    quality guidelines and regulations used in many
    fields, encompassing such internationally-recogniz
    ed standards as GMP, GCP, GLP, GSP, GDP and GRP.
  • GxP guidelines are designed to ensure that
    products are safe, meet their intended use and,
    in regulated industries such as drugs, food,
    medical devices and cosmetics, adhere to quality
    processes during manufacturing, control, storage
    and distribution.

7
GxP
  • GxP is a general term for Good Practice quality
    guidelines and regulations. These guidelines are
    used in many fields, including the pharmaceutical
    and food industries.
  • The titles of these good practice guidelines
    usually begin with "Good" and end in "Practice",
    with the specific practice descriptor in between.
  • GxP represents the abbreviations of these
    titles, where x (a common symbol for a variable)
    represents the specific descriptor.

8
Core GXP Information
9
Regional Harmonization Initiatives
10
GxP
11
List of GxPs in Pharmaceuticals
  • GMP (Good manufacturing Practice)
  • GCP (Good Clinical Practice)
  • GLP (Good Laboratory Practice)
  • GSP (Good Storage Practice)
  • GDP (Good Distribution practice)
  • GRP (Good Review Practice)

12
Purpose of GxP
  • The purpose of the GxP quality guidelines is to
    ensure a product is safe and meets its intended
    use.
  • GxP guides quality manufacture in regulated
    industries including food, drugs, medical devices
    and cosmetics.
  • The most central aspects of GxP are
  • Traceability the ability to reconstruct the
    development history of a drug or medical device.
  • 2. Accountability the ability to resolve who has
    contributed what to the development and when.

13
Regulators
14
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)
15
What is GMP ?
  • GMP is that part of Quality assurance which
    ensures that the products are consistently
    manufactured and controlled to the Quality
    standards appropriate to their intended use
  • A set of principles and procedures which, when
    followed by manufacturers for therapeutic goods,
    helps ensure that the products manufacture will
    have the required quality.

16
Good Manufacturing Practices
  • A basic tenet of GMP is that quality cannot be
    tested into a batch of product but must be built
    into each batch of product during all stages of
    the manufacturing process.
  • It is designed to minimize the risks involved in
    any pharmaceutical production that cannot be
    eliminated through testing the final product.
  • Some of the main risks are unexpected
    contamination of products, causing damage to
    health or even death
  • In correct labels on containers, which could mean
    that patient receive the wrong medicine.
  • Insufficient or too much active ingredient,
    resulting in ineffective treatment or adverse
    effects.

17
GMP
QA
GMP
QC
18
GMP
  • GMP is the magic key that opens the door of the
    Quality
  • In matter of GMP, swim with the current and
  • in matter of Quality stand like a rock!

19
GMP
GMP
Is that part of Quality Assurance aimed at
ensuring that products are consistently
manufactured to a quality appropriate to their
intended use
20
GMP guidelines
  • GMP as per Schedule M
  • GMP as per WHO
  • GMP as per MCA now known as MHRA
  • GMP as per TGA
  • GMP as per US FDA
  • GMP as per ICH guidelines

21
GMP guidance documents
  • EU Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Guidelines,
    Volume 4 of The rules governing medicinal
    products in the European Union
  • US FDA current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)
    for finished pharmaceuticals, 21 CFR, 210 and 211
  • WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for
    pharmaceutical products, Annex 4 to WHO Technical
    Report Series, No. 908, 2003

22
GMP
  • GMP in solid dosage forms
  • GMP in semisolid dosage forms
  • GMP in Liquid orals
  • GMP in Parenterals Production
  • GMP in Ayurvedic medicines
  • GMP in Bio technological products
  • GMP in Nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals

23
API Manufacturing Process
24
Secondary Manufacturing Dosage Forms
25
Secondary Manufacturing Process - Tablets
26
Secondary Manufacturing Process Sterile
parenteral for injection
27
Packaging
28
Packaging
29
Packaging
30
Biotechnology Manufacturing Process
31
Ten Principles of GMP
  • Design and construct the facilities and
    equipments properly
  • Follow written procedures and Instructions
  • Document work
  • Validate work
  • Monitor facilities and equipment
  • Write step by step operating procedures and work
    on instructions
  • Design ,develop and demonstrate job competence
  • Protect against contamination
  • Control components and product related processes
  • Conduct planned and periodic audits

32
Beyond GMP
  • Reduce pollution -? Zero discharge
  • Adaptation of environment friendly methods
  • Consideration for better and healthier life
    tomorrow
  • Consideration of ethics in life
  • One should begin with end in mind otherwise it
    will be the beginning of the end

33
Cost of effective GMP
  • In fact Cost benefits positive cost benefits of
    GMP/QA
  • Good plant lay out, Smooth work flows, Efficient
    documentation systems, well controlled process,
    good stores lay outs and stores records- These
    are Good manufacturing practices
  • Reduction in work in process and inventory
    holding costs
  • Avoidance of cost of Quality failure ( cost of
    waste, of rework, of recall, of consumer
    compensation and of loss of company reputation

34
Cost / Benefit analysis
  • GMP is not an On-cost.
  • It is not even Just free
  • It is a contribution to profit
  • Good manufacturing Practice is also Good
    management Practice leading to Good Manufacturing
    Profit
  • GMP is central and basic and has cost benefits (
    not to be considered as extrinsic or imposed upon
    manufacturing activities)

35
Cost / benefit analysis
  • Cost of quality Cost of A Cost of B- Payback
    from C Profit
  • A B
    C
  • Staff Scrap
    Improved morale
  • Training Rework
    Motivation
  • Systems Complaints
    Faster throughput
  • Documentation Chaos
    Higher productivity
  • Equipment Lost sales
    Increased sales
  • Maintenance Recalls
    lower inventory
  • Calibration Closedown
  • Sampling
  • Testing
  • In process control
  • Validation
  • Auditing

36
GCP (Good Clinical Practice)
37
What It Is GCP
  • An international ethical scientific quality
    standard for designing, conducting, recording
    reporting human clinical studies
  • EU
  • Japan
  • US
  • Applies to registration studies that may have an
    impact on safety welfare of human subjects

38
GCP Participating Parties
  • IRB/Ethics Committee
  • Investigators
  • Sponsor
  • Regulatory Authorities

39
GCP Key Documents
  • Investigator Brochure
  • Study Protocol
  • Informed Consent Document

40
GCP Principles
  • Studies in accordance with Declaration of
    Helsinki consistent with GCP applicable
    regulatory requirements
  • Studies initiated continued only if anticipated
    benefits outweigh risks
  • Rights, safety welfare of human subjects take
    priority over interests of science society
  • Available non-clinical clinical info on product
    adequate to support study

41
GCP Principles
  • Studies scientifically sound described in clear,
    detailed protocol
  • Study in compliance with IRB/EC approved protocol
  • Medical care given to subjects is the
    responsibility of qualified medical
    professional(s)
  • Individuals conducting studies qualified by
    education, training experience
  • Freely given informed consent obtained from every
    subject prior to study participation

42
GCP Principles
  • Study information recorded, handled stored to
    allow accurate reporting, interpretation
    verification
  • Confidentiality of subject records protected in
    accordance with applicable regulatory
    requirements
  • Investigational products manufactured, handled
    stored in accordance with GCP used in
    accordance with approved protocol
  • Systems/procedures implemented to assure quality
    of study

43
IRB/EC Roles Responsibilities
  • To safeguard study subjects rights welfare by
  • Evaluation/disposition of study proposal
  • Evaluation of proposed subject consent materials
  • Evaluation of emergency use consent methodology
  • Evaluation of investigator qualifications
  • Ongoing review of study progress (at least
    yearly)
  • Evaluation of proposed subject compensation plans

44
IRB/EC Composition Operations
  • Membership has qualifications experience to
    evaluate science, medical aspects ethics of
    proposed study
  • 5 members
  • 1 member whose primary interest in
    nonscientific
  • 1 member independent of institution or study
    site
  • Written SOPs records
  • Decisions rendered at announced meetings with
    quorum in attendance

45
IRB/EC Composition Operations
  • Only members participating in review should vote
  • Investigator may provide info on study, but
    should not be involved in review or vote
  • Nonmembers with expertise in special areas may be
    invited to assist with review (but cannot vote)

46
IRB/EC Procedures
  • Document group membership qualifications
  • Schedule meetings notify members
  • Conduct initial ongoing review of studies
  • Determine ongoing review frequency
  • Provide expedited review of minor study changes,
    in accordance with regulatory requirements
  • Specify that no subject should be enrolled in
    study prior to IRB/EC approval

47
IRB/EC Procedures
  • Specify that no deviations from protocol should
    be initiated without prior IRB/EC approval
  • Emergency situations require immediate
    notification of IRB/EC after the fact
  • Specify that Investigator should promptly report
  • Protocol deviations
  • Changes increasing subject risk or study
    procedures
  • Serious and unexpected adverse events

48
IRB/EC Procedures
  • Notify Investigator promptly of
  • Study-related decisions
  • Reason for decisions
  • Procedures for appeal of decisions

49
IRB/EC Required Records
  • Relevant records maintained 3 yr after study
    completion
  • Records available for review by regulatory
    authorities

50
IRB/EC What is Reviewed
  • Investigator Brochure or Report of Prior
    Investigations
  • Study protocol amendments
  • Investigator qualifications
  • Informed consent documents, including subject
    recruiting tools
  • Other written information provided to subjects
  • Subject compensation plans
  • Adverse events
  • Protocol deviations

51
IRB/EC When Reviews Occur
  • Prior to study initiation at site
  • At least yearly during study
  • During study, as necessitated by
  • Changes in protocol, consent documents, etc.
  • Changes in study investigator
  • Reports of serious or unanticipated
    device-related adverse events
  • At study completion or termination

52
Investigator Roles Responsibilities
  • Qualified to conduct study
  • Have adequate resources to conduct study
  • Provide medical care to study subjects
  • Regular communication with IRB/EC reviewing study
  • Compliance with study protocol
  • Maintenance of investigational product
    accountability
  • Compliance with study randomization unmasking
    procedures
  • Provide informed consent to study subjects

53
Investigator ResponsibilitiesAppropriate
Qualifications
  • Training experience demonstrated via
  • Medical license
  • CV
  • Specialized study training
  • GCP training
  • If study responsibilities delegated, need a list
    of qualified persons to whom responsibilities are
    delegated

54
Investigator ResponsibilitiesAdequate Resources
  • Suitable staff good methods for keeping them
    apprised
  • Suitable facilities
  • Appropriate patient population
  • Access to disease or condition
  • Volume of patients with disease or condition

55
Investigator ResponsibilitiesRequired Records
Reports
  • Essential regulatory document file(s)
  • Protocol amendments
  • Approved informed consent documents
  • Product accountability documentation
  • Investigator qualifications agreements
  • IRB correspondence
  • Study delegation list
  • Subject screening/enrollment logs
  • Study monitoring reports
  • Calibration/maintenance logs
  • Memos to file

56
SponsorRoles Responsibilities
  • Study quality assurance
  • Appropriately qualified medical personnel to
    advise on study
  • Utilization of qualified personnel in study
    design operations
  • Study management, data handling record keeping
  • Investigator selection training
  • Definition/allocation of study responsibilities

57
SponsorRoles Responsibilities
  • Facilitation of communications between
    Investigators
  • Study compensation (investigators and/or
    subjects) financing
  • Regulatory authority notification/submission
  • Confirmation of IRB/EC review/approval
  • Investigational product information
  • Investigational product manufacturing, packaging,
    labeling coding
  • Investigational product supply handling

58
SponsorRoles Responsibilities
  • Record access
  • Ongoing safety evaluation reporting
  • Serious/unanticipated adverse event reporting
  • Study monitoring
  • Study noncompliance procedures
  • Study termination or suspension notification
  • Study reports

59
SponsorRoles Responsibilities
  • Sponsor may transfer responsibilities to CRO
  • Transfer must be documented in writing
  • Sponsor still has ultimate responsibility for
    study quality and data integrity

60
Study Protocol Components
  • General administrative info
  • Background
  • Study purpose objectives
  • Study design
  • Subject eligibility requirements
  • How subjects will be treated
  • How safety efficacy will be assessed
  • Sample size justification statistical analysis
    methods

61
Study Protocol Components
  • How data will be captured maintained
  • Monitoring procedures
  • Proposed informed consent document

62
Informed Consent DocumentComponents
  • Statement that study involves research
    product experimental (if applicable)
  • Study purpose
  • Number of expected study subjects to be enrolled
  • Study treatment(s) probability for random
    assignment
  • Study exams procedures for duration of trial
  • Subjects responsibilities
  • Foreseeable risks to subject (embryo, fetus,
    nursing infant)

63
Informed Consent DocumentComponents
  • Expected benefits
  • Alternatives procedures or therapies associated
    risk/benefit
  • Compensation available in event of study-related
    injury or sickness
  • Anticipated payments to subject for study
    participation
  • Anticipated expenses to subject for study
    participation
  • Statement that participation is voluntary

64
Informed Consent DocumentComponents
  • Description of extent to which confidentiality
    can be assured
  • Commitment to keep subject apprised on new
    information that may affect subjects willingness
    to participate in study
  • Contact info for questions re subject rights
    trial-related adverse events
  • Circumstances under which subjects participation
    may be terminated

65
Investigator BrochureWhat It Is
  • A compilation of clinical non-clinical data on
    the product that is relevant to the products
    study in humans
  • Necessary for Investigator IRB/EC review to
    assess the risks/benefits associated with study

66
Investigator BrochureComponents
  • Product formulation summary
  • Introduction/background info regarding product
    investigational plan
  • Investigational product physical, chemical
    pharmaceutical properties formulation
  • Non-clinical studies
  • Human clinical studies
  • Summary of data guidance for Investigator

67
Good Clinical PracticeReference Documents Links
  • ICH - E6 Guideline for Good Clinical Practice
  • 21 CFR 50 - Informed Consent
  • 21 CFR 56 - Institutional Review Board
  • http//www.ich.org/cache/compo/276-254-1.html
  • http//www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/
    cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm

68
GLP (Good Laboratory Practice)
69
What It Is GLP
  • Describes good practices for non-clinical lab
    studies that support research or marketing
    approvals for FDA-regulated products

70
GLP General Requirements
  • Appropriately qualified personnel
  • Adequate resources
  • Appropriate procedures for
  • Sanitation, health precautions, clothing
  • Test protocol development, test methods
  • Data analysis, report development
  • Appropriately qualified study director
  • Quality assurance function

71
GLP Facilities Requirements
  • Suitable size, construction, segregation
  • Animal care
  • Animal supplies
  • Test control products maintained in a secure
    area
  • Operating suite
  • Specimen data storage

72
GLP Equipment Requirements
  • Appropriately designed
  • Adequate thru-put capacity
  • Appropriately located
  • Routinely maintained calibrated

73
GLP Standard Operating Procedures
  • Animal room prep
  • Animal care
  • Receipt, ID, storage, handling, mixing sampling
    of test control articles
  • Test system observations
  • Lab tests
  • Handling of moribund or dead animals
  • Necropsy or postmortem exams of animals

74
GLP Standard Operating Procedures
  • Collection ID of specimens
  • Histopathology
  • Data handling, storage retrieval
  • Equipment maintenance calibration
  • Transfer, proper placement ID of animals

75
GLP Reagents Solutions
  • Adequate labeling
  • Identity
  • Concentration
  • Storage requirements
  • Expiration date

76
GLP Test Control Articles
  • Adequate characterization
  • Proper receipt, storage, distribution
  • When mixed with a carrier, adequate methods to
    confirm
  • Mixture uniformity
  • Article concentration
  • Article stability

77
GLP Study Implementation
  • Written, approved protocol indicating test
    objectives methods
  • Study conducted in accordance with protocol
  • Study monitoring to confirm protocol compliance
  • Appropriate labeling of specimens by test system,
    study, nature collection date
  • Records of gross findings from postmortems
    available to pathologist for specimen
    histopathology

78
GLP Study Implementation
  • Standard data capture/recording requirements
  • Legibility
  • Permanence
  • Accountability
  • Changes

79
GLP Records Reports
  • Final report of results
  • Study records data methodically archived to
    facilitate expedient retrieval
  • Study documents
  • Raw data
  • Specimens
  • Protocols
  • QA inspections
  • Personnel training qualifications
  • Calibration maintenance records

80
GLP Records Reports
  • Records retention (shortest of)
  • 2 yr after FDA marketing clearance
  • 5 yr after data submitted to FDA in support of
    marketing application
  • 2 yr after Sponsor decision not to proceed with
    marketing application
  • Wet specimens hold as long as viable
  • Records transferable with written FDA
    notification

81
GLP Facility Disqualification
  • Grounds for disqualification
  • Failure to comply with regulations
  • Noncompliance adversely affects study validity
  • Previous regulatory actions have been
    unsuccessful in modifying facility operations

82
GSP (Good Storage Practice)
83
GSP (Good Storage Practice)
  • Glossary
  • Personnel
  • Premises and facilities
  • Storage requirements
  • Returned goods
  • Dispatch and transport
  • Product recall

84
1. Glossary
  • Active pharmaceutical ingredient
  • Contamination
  • Cross-contamination
  • Excipient
  • Expiry date
  • Labelling

85
1. Glossary
  • g. Packaging material
  • h. Pharmaceutical product
  • i. Production
  • j. Retest date
  • k. Storage
  • l. Supplier

86
2. Personnel
  • At each storage site (e.g. that of a
    manufacturer, distributor, wholesaler, community
    or hospital pharmacy) there should be an adequate
    number of qualified personnel to achieve
    pharmaceutical quality assurance objectives.
  • National regulations on qualifications should be
    followed.

87
2. Personnel
  • All personnel should receive proper training in
    relation to good storage practice, regulations,
    procedures and safety.
  • All members of staff should be trained in, and
    observe high levels of, personal hygiene and
    sanitation.
  • Personnel employed in storage areas should wear
    suitable protective or working garments
    appropriate for the activities they perform

88
3. Premises and facilities
  • Storage areas
  • Storage conditions
  • Monitoring of storage conditions

89
4. Storage requirements
  • Documentation written instructions and records
  • Labeling and containers
  • Receipt of incoming materials and pharmaceutical
    products
  • Stock rotation and control

90
5. Returned goods
  • Returned goods, including recalled goods, should
    be handled in accordance with approved procedures
    and records should be maintained.
  • All returned goods should be placed in quarantine
    and returned to saleable stock only after this
    has been approved by a nominated, responsible
    person following a satisfactory quality
    re-evaluation.
  • Any stock reissued should be so identified and
    recorded in stock records. Pharmaceuticals
    returned from patients to the pharmacy should not
    be taken back as stock, but should be destroyed.

91
6. Dispatch and transport
  • Records for dispatch should be retained, stating
    at least
  • the date of dispatch
  • the customers name and address
  • the product description, e.g. name, dosage
    form and
  • strength (if appropriate), batch number
    and quantify
  • the transport and storage conditions.
  • All records should be readily accessible and
    available on request.

92
7. Product recall
  • There should be a procedure to recall from the
    market, promptly and effectively, pharmaceutical
    products and materials known or suspected to be
    defective.

93
GDP (Good Distribution practice)
94
GDP (Good Distribution practice)
  • GDP governs the proper distribution of medicinal
    products for human use and regulates the movement
    of products from the manufacturers premises (or
    other central point) to the end user (or other
    intermediate point).

95
GDP (Good Distribution practice)
  • Principle
  • Personnel
  • Documentation
  • Premises and equipment
  • Deliveries to customers
  • Returns
  • Self inspection
  • Provision of information to Member States in
    relation to wholesale activities

96
1. Principle
  • Policy ensures that products released for
    distribution are of the appropriate quality.
  • In addition to this, the quality system should
    ensure that the right products are delivered to
    the right addressee within a satisfactory time
    period.
  • A tracing system should enable any faulty product
    to be found and there should be an effective
    recall procedure.

97
2. Personnel
  • He should fulfil his responsibilities personally.
  • Person should be appropriately qualified
    although a degree in Pharmacy is desirable, the
    qualification requirements may be established by
    the Member State on whose territory the
    wholesaler is located.

98
2. Personnel
  • Key personnel involved in the warehousing of
    medicinal products should have the appropriate
    ability and experience to guarantee that the
    products or materials are properly stored and
    handled.
  • Personnel should be trained in relation to the
    duties assigned to them and the training sessions
    recorded.

99
3. Documentation
  • All documentation should be made available on
    request of competent authorities
  • Orders
  • Procedures
  • Records

100
4. Premises and equipment
  • Premises and equipment should be suitable and
    adequate to ensure proper conservation and
    distribution of medicinal products.
  • Receipt
  • Storage

101
5. Deliveries to customers
  • Deliveries should be made only to other
    authorised wholesalers or to persons authorised
    to supply medicinal products to the public in the
    Member State concerned.
  • In case of emergency, wholesalers should be in a
    position to supply immediately the medicinal
    products that they regularly supply to the
    persons entitled to supply the products to the
    public.

102
5. Deliveries to customers
  • Medicinal products should be transported in such
    a way that
  • a) Their identification is not lost
  • b) They do not contaminate, and are not
    contaminated by, other products or materials
  • c) Adequate precautions are taken against
    spillage, breakage or theft
  • d) They are secure and not subjected to
    unacceptable degrees of heat, cold, light,
    moisture or other adverse influence, nor to
    attack by microorganisms or pests.

103
6. Returns
  • Returns of non-defective medicinal products
  • Emergency plan and recalls
  • Counterfeit medicinal products
  • Special provisions concerning products classified
    as not for sale

104
7. Self inspection
  • Self-inspections should be conducted 9and
    recorded) in order to monitor the implementation
    of and compliance with this guideline.

105
8. Provision of information to Member
States in relation to wholesale activities
  • Wholesalers wishing to distribute or distributing
    medicinal products in Member State(s).
  • Where appropriate, the competent authorities of
    this (these) other Member State(s) will inform
    the wholesaler of any public service obligation
    imposed on wholesalers operating on their
    territory.

106
Guidance documents deal with GDP
  • WHO Good Distribution Practice, Annex 5 to
    Technical Report Series, No. 937, 2006
  • Health Canada Guidelines for Temperature Control
    of Drug Products during Storage and
    Transportation, 2005
  • Irish Medicines Board Guide to Control and
    Monitoring of Storage and Transportation
    Temperature Conditions for Medicinal Products and
    Active Substances, 2006
  • USP chapter lt1079gt Good Storage and Shipping
    Practice
  • EU Guidelines on Good Distribution Practice of
    Medicinal Products for Human Use (94/C 63/03)

107
GRP (Good Review Practice)
108
GRP (Good Review Practice)
  • A good review practice (GRP) is a documented best
    practice within CDER that discusses any aspect
    related to the process, format, content, and/or
    management of a product review.
  • GRPs are developed over time as superior
    practices based on CDERs collective experience
    to provide consistency to the overall review
    process of new products.
  • GRPs are developed to improve the quality of
    reviews and review management.

109
GRP (Good Review Practice)
  • GRPs improve efficiency, clarity, and
    transparency of the review process and review
    management.
  • GRPs are expected to be adopted by review staff
    as standard processes through supervisor
    mentoring, implementation teams, and formal
    training when necessary.
  • Developing GRPs is an attempt to identify,
    collect, enhance, implement, and adopt may of
    these best practices as documented and
    standardized GRPs that can be shared among all
    review division

110
GRPs Fundamental Values
  • - Quality Consistent implementation of GRPs by
    review staff will enhance the quality of reviews,
    the review process, and the resultant regulatory
    action.
  • - Efficiency GRPs will improve the efficiency
    of the review process through standardization.
  • - Clarity GRPs support clarity throughout the
    review process, including critical review and
    decision activities that must be completed before
    a regulatory decision is made.

111
GRPs Fundamental Values
  • - Transparency Developing and documenting GRPs
    ensures that our review processes are readily
    available in one location via the Internet
    (through CDERs Web site) to sponsors and the
    public.
  • - Consistency By offering a consistent approach
    and only deviating from it when appropriate
    (after supervisory concurrence), GRPs help
    reviewers achieve consistency with their reviews
    and provide standard review processes across
    divisions and offices.

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cGxP
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cGxP
  • A "c" or "C" is sometimes added to the front of
    the acroynm.
  • The preceding "c" stands for "current."
  • For example, cGMP is an acronym for "current Good
    Manufacturing Practices." cGMP is the most well
    known example of a GxP.
  • The term GxP is only used in a casual manner, to
    refer in a general way to a collection of quality
    guidelines.

114
cGxP
  • What does cGxP stand for?
  • Current Good X Practice (FDA compliance X can
    mean Manufacturing, Clinical, Laboratory,
    Storage, Distribution, Review Pharmaceutical)

115
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