Module 12 continued

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Module 12 continued Energy Implications of
Development Options in Sri Lanka Energy sources
Energy technologies Energy sufficiency
(conservation) Energy efficiency Energy security
Sustainability issues
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Petroleum in Sri Lanka

• Off-shore exploration of petroleum in Mannar
  basin is being considered.
• At present, crude oil is imported and refined at
  the Sapugaskanda Refinery of the Ceylon Petroleum
  Corporation (CPC).
• CPC and Lanka Indian Oil Company (LIOC) are
  responsible for the total supply of petroleum.
• - LPG supply is carried out by Shell Gas
  (Lanka) Pvt Ltd. and Lanka Auto Gas Filling
  Stations (LAUGFS). Pvt. Ltd.

http//www.energy.gov.lk/sub_pgs/elibrary.html
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Crude oil refined at Sapugaskanda Refinery
Flue Gas
LPG
Crude Distiller and other refinery plants
Naptha
Imported Crude oil
Gasoline
Kerosene
Auto/Super Diesel
Fuel oil
Heavy fuel oil
Brown Asphalt
http//www.energy.gov.lk/sub_pgs/elibrary.html
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Sectoral Energy Consumption (thousand TOE)
Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010
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Energy Consumption Industrial Sector (thousand
TOE)
Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010
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Energy Consumption Transport Sector (thousand
TOE)
Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010
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Energy Consumption Household, Commercial and
Others (thousand TOE)
Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010
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Secondary Energy Consumption in Sri Lanka
(thousand TOE)
Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010
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Secondary Energy Consumption in Sri Lanka (in )
in 2010
Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2010
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Biomass Energy
Dendro power generation Grow fast growing tree
species, having high energy yield. Eg
Gliricidia Sepium tree Harvest biomass from the
forest using coppicing techniques (the tree as a
whole is not cut down, but pruned
systematically) Transport biomass to the power
plant Fed into the furnace of the conventional
steam turbine / electrical generator system Or,
fed into a gasifier to produce a combustible gas
that could be burnt in a diesel engine coupled to
an electrical generator.
Source http//www.efsl.lk/details.aspx?catid3
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Biomass Energy
Dendro power generation Every MW of dendro
power installed creates employment for 300 people
in rural communities. Unused land and
agricultural smallholds are ideal locations for
the establishment of biomass plantations and
people can enhance their earnings by selling fuel
wood to dendro plants. Employment opportunities
are also generated out of the need to establish
and manage fuel wood plantations and for plant
construction and maintenance work.
Source http//www.efsl.lk/details.aspx?catid3
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Biomass Energy
Dendro power generation Biomass is a renewable
energy source which is almost carbon neutral as
the carbon emissions released during combustion
are recaptured during re-growth. However in
practice not all biomass generation will be
carbon neutral as transportation to the
generation plant will generate carbon emissions.
The leaves of the Gliricidia Sepium tree can
also be used as cattle feed or as a substitute
for urea as a soil nutrient.
Source http//www.efsl.lk/details.aspx?catid3
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Energy Conservation
The energy conservation fund was established in
the mid 1980s to coordinate activities in this
area, and later, in the early 1990s, a separate
unit for demand side management was established
in the CEB, mainly to focus on energy
conservation activities in the electricity
sector. This unit has been pursuing several
utility sponsored DSM programmes, such as
popularisation of compact ?uorescent lamps
(CFLs), development of an energy efficient
building code and energy labelling of electric
appliances. Several private, and non-governmental
organisations too, pursue energy conservation and
management activities by offering expert services
and training programmes.
P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and
Management 44 (2003) 32473265
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Environment related issues
Energy sector emissions Suspended particulate
matter (SPM) consists mainly of ash with minute
quantities of unburned carbon particles.
Gaseous emissions released as a result of
fossil fuel Burning are carbon dioxide (CO2),
sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen
(NOx).
In Sri Lanka, it is mandatory for new thermal
power projects exceeding 25 MW and new hydropower
projects exceeding 50 MW in capacity to get
environmental clearance from the relevant Project
Approving Authority by conducting an
environmental impact assessment (EIA)prior to
commencement of the project.
P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and
Management 44 (2003) 32473265
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Emission standards
P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and
Management 44 (2003) 32473265
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Ambient air quality standards (24 h)
P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and
Management 44 (2003) 32473265
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Ambient air quality standards (1 h)
P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and
Management 44 (2003) 32473265
23
Environment related issues
Energy sector emissions Warm water
discharges Inundation of land (in case of large
hydro reservoirs) Land use pattern changes
P.D.C. Wijayatunga et al. / Energy Conversion and
Management 44 (2003) 32473265
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Sustainability Issues