When industry and labor work together, we can save lives.

1
OSHAS NEW STEEL ERECTION STANDARD

• When industry and labor work together, we can
  save lives.

2
Steel Erection Activities

• Every year, an average of 35 iron workers die
  during steel erection activities and 2,300 more
  suffer lost workday injuries,"

3
Standard

• New subpart R is the first OSHA safety standard
  developed under the Negotiated Rulemaking Act
• Developed by members of the Steel Erection
  Negotiated Rulemaking Advisory Committee (Senrac)

4
The Final Rule Contains Requirements For

• Hoisting and rigging
• Structural Steel Assembly
• Beam and Column connections
• Joist Erection
• Systems-engineered Metal Building Erection
• Fall Protection
• Training

5
The new standard covers all workers engaged in
steel erection activities

• The Standard does not cover electric transmission
  towers, communication towers, broadcast towers,
  water towers or tanks

6
Effective Dates

• Original effective date July 18, 2001
• Revised effective date Jan. 18, 2002.

7
Additional Time

• Gives industry time to become familiar with the
  new requirements and to provide training to
  employees in the construction industry.
• Allow employers time to make the necessary
  changes to avoid costly re-fabrication of already
  made components and avoid serious delays to
  projects that would affect all trades involved in
  the construction process.

8
Question

• Is the construction of a house framed with metal
  studs within subpart R?
• No. A housed framed with metal studs is not
  covered by the standard

9
Question

• When would the installation of metal studs be
  covered by subpart R?
• The installation of metal studs is covered by
  Subpart R when the studs are integrated with the
  structural steel framing of a building.

10
Question

• Is the installation of a standing seam metal roof
  on a wood framed structure covered by subpart R?
• Yes. The definition of metal decking includes
  standing seam metal roofs.

11
Question

• A fabricated tank is installed on a pad. The
  tank has connection points for a catwalk
  pre-installed by the manufacturer. The catwalk
  will be installed by a crane crew after the tank
  is installed. Do the fall protection
  requirements of subpart R apply to the
  installation of the catwalk?

12
Answer

• Yes. Catwalks has traditionally been considered
  miscellaneous metals, and the installation of
  miscellaneous metals is covered by Subpart R?

13
Major causes of injuries and fatalities in the
steel erection industry

• Working under loads
• Hoisting, landing and placing decking
• Column stability
• Double connections
• Landing and placing steel joints
• Falls to lower levels.

14
1926.751

• Definitions

15
Competent Person

• Means one who is capable of identifying
  existing and predictable hazards in the
  surroundings or working conditions which are
  unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees,
  and who has authorization to take prompt
  corrective measures to eliminate them.

16
Controlling Contractor

• Means a prime contractor, general contractor,
  construction manager or any other legal entity
  which has the overall responsibility for the
  construction of the project -- its planning,
  quality and completion.

17
Qualified person

• One who, by possession of a recognized degree,
  certificate, or professional standing, or who by
  extensive knowledge, training, and experience,
  has successfully demonstrated the ability to
  solve or resolve problems relating to the subject
  matter, the work, or the project.

18
Shear Connector

• Headed steel studs, steel bars, steel lugs, and
  similar devices which are attached to a
  structural member for the purpose of achieving
  composite action with concrete.

19
Site-Specific Erection Plan

• Requires pre-planning of key erection elements,
  including coordination with controlling
  contractor before erection begins, in certain
  circumstances.

20
Steel Erection

• Construction, alteration or repair of steel
  buildings, bridges and other structures,
  including the installation of metal decking and
  all planking used during the process of erection.

21
1926.752

• Site Layout Construction Sequence

22
Controlling Contractor

• Steel Erector provided notification of
• Concrete having attained sufficient strength.
• Alteration of anchor bolts.
• Adequate access to storage areas.
• That concrete has cured enough to support steel
  erection

23
Hoisting operations

• Must be pre-planned to reduce employee exposure
  to overhead loads.

24
Question

• Can the controlling contractor contract with
  subcontractor to perform the work required by
  1926.752(a)? If so, is the controlling
  contractor still responsible for these duties
  after subcontracting them?
• Yes. The Controlling contractor is responsible
  for ensuring that the work was performed.

25
Question

• Does the written notification from the
  controlling contractor to the steel erector about
  concrete footing, etc. in 1926.752(a) (b) have
  to be maintained on site?
• Once the written notification is given to the
  erector, there is no requirement that it be
  maintained at the site.

26
Question

• Does the anchor bolt repair, replacement or field
  -modification approval from the Structural
  Engineer of Record (SER) required by
  1926.755(b)(1) have to be maintained on site?
• No. Once the written notification is given, it
  does not have to be maintained on site.

27
1926.753

• Hoisting Rigging

28
1926.753 - Hoisting and rigging(Supplement to
the requirements of 1926.550)
Construction Safety Council
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Pre-shift Inspection Requirements

• Pre-shift inspection must be done by a competent
  person.
• Rigging must be inspected prior to each shift by
  a qualified rigger

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Pre-shift visual inspection of cranes

• all control mechanisms for maladjustments
  excessive wear of components and contamination by
  lubricants or other foreign matter
• safety devices
• hooks and latches

• pressurized lines for leakage
• wire rope
• electrical apparatus
• hydraulic system
• tires
• ground conditions
• hoisting equipment

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General

• The employer shall obtain and/or prepare a
  certification record of the pre-shift inspection

Construction Safety Council
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General

• The operator shall be responsible for those
  operations under the operators direct control

Construction Safety Council
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General

• Qualified rigger to inspect the rigging prior to
  each shift
• Headache ball not used to transport personnel
• Only use of personnel platforms in accordance
  with 1926.550 (g)

Construction Safety Council
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Safety Latches

• Safety latches on hooks shall not be deactivated.

Construction Safety Council
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Responsibilities During Crane Operations

• Safety latches
• Employees engaged in initial steel erection or
  hooking/unhooking to work under loads in some
  specific instances.
• Operators are responsible for operations under
  their control and have the authority to stop and
  refuse to handle loads until safety has been
  assured.

36
Responsibilities During Crane Operations

• Prohibit the use of cranes to hoist personnel
  unless ALL provisions of 1926.550 are met except
  1926.550(g)(2)
• When working under loads requirements in this
  section must be followed.
• Multiple lift rigging is permitted as long as the
  requirements in this erection are met. .753(d).

37
Working Under Loads

• Materials being hoisted shall be rigged to
  prevent unintentional displacement
• Hooks with self-closing safety latches or their
  equivalent shall be used to prevent components
  from slipping out of the hook and
• All loads shall be rigged by a qualified rigger

38
Question

• Does the standard permit a qualified rigger to
  design and assemble a multiple lift rigging
  assembly on the jobsite by mixing components from
  one rigging supplier or by mixing components from
  several rigging suppliers?
• Yes

39
Question

• How often must the multiple lift rigging assembly
  be inspected?
• Before every shift.

40
Question

• The crane is rented, and the operator is supplied
  by the crane rental company. The steel erector
  designates the operator as the competent person
  for the purposes of the pre-lift inspection
  requirements. Is the steel erector still
  responsible for the pre-lift inspection?
• Yes

41
1926.754

• Structural Steel Assembly and Stability

42
1926.754 Structural Steel Assembly

• Structural stability shall be maintained
• Additional requirements shall apply for
  multi-story structures
• The permanent floors shall be installed no more
  than eight stories between the erection floor and
  the upper-most permanent floor.
• No more than four floors or 48 feet (14.6 m),
  whichever is less, of unfinished bolting or
  welding above the foundation or uppermost
  permanently secured floor
• Fully planked or decked floor or nets shall be
  maintained within two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m),
  whichever is less, directly under any erection
  work being performed.

43
1926.754(c)Walking/Working Surfaces

• Shear connectors (such as headed steel studs,
  steel bars or steel lugs), reinforcing bars,
  deformed anchors or threaded studs shall not be
  attached to the top flanges of beams, joists or
  beam attachments so that they project vertically
  from or horizontally across the top flange of the
  member until after the metal decking, or other
  walking/ working surface, has been installed.

44
Installation of shear connectors on composite
floors, roofs and bridge decks.

• When shear connectors are used in construction of
  composite floors, roofs and bridge decks,
  employees shall lay out and install the shear
  connectors after the metal decking has been
  installed, using the metal decking as a working
  platform. Shear connectors shall not be installed
  from within a controlled decking zone (CDZ), as
  specified in 1926.760(c)(8).

45
Slip resistance of skeletal structural steel.

• Workers shall not be permitted to walk the top
  surface of any structural steel member installed
  after July 18, 2007 that has been coated with
  paint or similar material
• The results shall be available at the site and to
  the steel erector.

46
Plumbing-up Equipment

• turnbuckles
• properly secured
• secured to prevent unwinding
• placed so employees can get to connection points
• removed only under the supervision of a competent
  person

Construction Safety Council
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Question

• 1926.754(b)(3) requires a fully planked or decked
  floor or nets within 2 stories or 30 feet,
  whichever is less. Can an employers requirement
  that workers be protected by fall arrest
  equipment at all times above 6 feet take the
  place of nets and temporary floors?
• Yes. If he establishes, communicates enforces
  policy.

48
Question

• If a roof opening is 11 inches by 25 feet, does
  it need to be covered for steel erection
  purposes.
• No. The definition of an opening refers to a gap
  whose least dimension is 12 inches or more.

49
1926.755

• Column Anchorages

50
General requirements for erection stability

• Columns anchored by a min. of 4 bolts and
  designed to resist a 300 eccentric load at 18
  from the column face.
• Columns set on level finished floors, pre-grouted
  leveling plates, leveling nuts, or shim packs.
• Unstable columns shall be evaluated by a
  competent person.

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(b)Repair, replacement or field modification
(1)Need approval of the project structural
engineer. (2)Approval shall state whether guying
or bracing is necessary. (3)Controlling
contractor shall provide written notification to
the steel erector.
Construction Safety Council
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Question

• To make a field repair to an anchor rod, must
  there be a written order from the projects
  engineer of record?
• No. The standard does not require that the
  approval be in writing.

53
1926.756

• Beams and Columns

54
Beams and Columns

• General. Secured with at least two bolts per
  connection.
• Diagonal bracing. With bracing, secured by at
  least one bolt per connection.

55
Beams and Columns

• Double connections at columns and/or at beam webs
  over a column. At least one bolt or similar
  connection device is present.

56
Beams and Columns

• Column splices. Designed to resist a 300
  eccentric load located at 18 from column face.
• Perimeter columns. Must extend a min. of 48
  above the finished floor for safety cables.

57
Multiple Lift Rigging
Construction Safety Council
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Multiple Lift Rigging

• multiple lift rigging assembly is used
• maximum of five members is hoisted per lift
• only structural members are lifted and
• employees engaged in the lift have been trained
  in the procedures in 1926.761 (c)(1)

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(4)The multiple lift rigging assembly shall be
rigged with the members
rigged at least 7 feet apart
rigged from the top down
attached at their center of gravity and
maintained level
Construction Safety Council
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Multiple Lift Rigging

• Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly
  shall be specifically designed and assembled with
  a maximum capacity for total assembly and for
  each individual attachment point.
• Capacity must be certified by the manufacturer or
  a qualified rigger and have a 5 to 1 safety
  factor

Construction Safety Council
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Multiple Lift Rigging

• The total load shall not exceed
• The rigging capacity
• The rated capacity of the hoisting equipment
• The multiple lift rigging assembly shall be
  rigged with the members
• attached at their center of gravity and
  maintained level
• rigged from the top down and
• rigged at least 7 feet apart

Construction Safety Council
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Multiple Lift Rigging

• The members on the multiple lift rigging assembly
  shall be set from the bottom up.
• Controlled load lowering shall be used whenever
  the load is over the connectors.

Construction Safety Council
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1926.757

• Open Web Steel Joists

64
Open Web Steel Joists

• Requirements minimizing collapse of lightweight
  steel joists by addressing need for erection
  bridging and method of attachment.
• Requirements for bridging terminus anchors with
  illustrations and drawings in a non-mandatory
  appendix (provided by SJI).
• New requirements to minimize collapse in placing
  loads on steel joists.

65
Question

• If workers are on a one story building that is 20
  feet tall (top of steel) and the joist require
  horizontal bridging, is fall protection required
  for employees installing bridging?
• Yes.

66
1926.758

• Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings

67
Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings

• Requirements to minimize collapse in the erection
  of these specialized structures which account for
  a major portion of steel erection in this country.

68
Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings

• Structural column shall have a minimum of 4
  anchor bolts.
• Rigid frames shall have a minimum of 50 of
  install tightened on both sides of the web
  adjacent to each flange before hoisting equipment
  is released.
• Construction loads may not be placed on
  structural steel framework unless it is
  adequately secured.

69
Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings

• Steel joist secured before releasing hoisting
  cables, allowing employees on joist, or placing
  construction loads on joist.
• Purlins Girts may not be used as anchorage
  points without written approval from qualified
  person.
• Permanent bridging installed and fall protection
  provided before purlins are used as a
  walking/working surface.

70
1926.759

• Falling Object Protection

71
Falling Object Protection

• All materials, equipment, and tools that are not
  being used must be secured against accidental
  displacement.
• Controlling contractor must bar other
  construction processes below steel erection,
  unless overhead protection is provided.

72
1926.760

• Fall Protection

73
General requirements

• Anyone over 15 feet, except in (a)(3)
• (2)Fall protective systems shall conform to
  1926.502.
• (3)Connectors and employees working in
  controlling decking zones protected from fall
  hazards as provided in (b) and (c) of this
  section.

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Connectors

• Protected when more than two stories or 30 feet
  above a lower level
• Complete connector training in accordance with
  1926.761 and
• Provided with fall arrest or fall restraint
  systems when 15 to 30 above a lower level.

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Question

• At what height are connectors required to be
  protected from falls? Is there a conflict
  between 1926.760(b)(1) 1926.760(b)(3)?
• 30 feet or 2 stories.
• (b)(3) requires that employees be provided with
  fall protection equipment and be able to tie off
  at all times between 15-30 feet

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Custody of Fall Protection

• Fall protection shall remain in an area to be
  used by other trades if controlling contractor
• Has directed the steel erector to leave the fall
  protection in place.
• Has inspected and accepted control and
  responsibility of the fall protection prior to
  authorizing persons to work in the area.

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Working Under Loads

• Routes for suspended loads shall be pre-planned
• When working under suspended loads, the following
  must be meet
• materials rigged to prevent unintentional
  displacement
• self-closing safety latches shall be used
• all loads rigged by qualified riggers.

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Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ)

• Controlled decking zone (CDZ) provisions to
  prevent decking fatalities.
• Deckers in a CDZ and connectors must be protected
  at heights greater than two stories or 30 feet.
  Connectors between 15 and 30 feet must wear fall
  arrest or restraint equipment and be able to be
  tied off or be provided another means of fall
  protection.
• Requires fall protection for all others engaged
  in steel erection at heights greater than 15
  feet.

79
1926.761 Training

• Requires qualified person to train exposed
  workers in fall protection.
• Requires qualified person to train exposed
  workers engaged in special, high risk activities

80
Multiple Lift Rigging Procedure

• The nature of the hazard associated with multiple
  lifts
• Proper procedures equipment to perform multiple
  lifts required by 1926.753(e)

81
Connector Procedures

• The nature of the hazard associated with
  connecting.
• The establishment, access, proper
  connecting,techniques and work practices required
  by 1926.756(c) 1926.760(b).

82
Controlled Decking Zone

• The nature of the hazard associated with work
  within the controlled decking zone.
• The establishment, access, proper
  connecting,techniques and work practices required
  by 1926.754(e) 1926.760(c).

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• DISCLAIMER
• This information has been developed by an OSHA
  Compliance Assistance Specialist and is intended
  to assist employers, workers, and others as they
  strive to improve workplace health and safety.
  While we attempt to thoroughly address
  recordkeeping, it is not possible to include
  discussion of everything necessary to ensure a
  healthy and safe working environment in a
  presentation of this nature. Thus, this
  information must be understood as a tool for
  addressing workplace hazards, rather than an
  exhaustive statement of an employers legal
  obligations, which are defined by statute,

84

• DISCLAIMER
• regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the
  extent that this information references practices
  or procedures that may enhance health or safety,
  but which are not required by a statute,
  regulation, or standard, it cannot, and does not,
  create additional legal obligations. Finally,
  over time, OSHA may modify rules and
  interpretations in light of new technology,
  information, or circumstances to keep apprised
  of such developments, or to review information on
  a wide range of occupational safety and health
  topics, you can visit OSHAs website at
  www.osha.gov