Ch 7 & 8

1
Axial Appendicular
Skeletal System
Ch 7 8
2
Axial Skeleton
3
Appendicular Skeleton
4
Types of Bones

• Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies,
  humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
• Sesamoid- patella

5
Bone Classification
sesamoid
6
Bone Markings

• Depression Openings
• Fissure
• Foramen
• Fossa
• Sulcus
• Meatus

• Processes
• Condyle
• Facet
• Head
• Crest
• Epicondyle
• Line
• Spinous process
• Trochanter
• Tubercle
• Tuberocity

7
Bone Markings

• Two types of bone markings
• Projections (aka processes) that grow out from
  the bone
• Depressions (cavities) that indent the bone

8
Joint Projections

• 1) Condyle Rounded articular projection

Condyle
9
Joint Projections

• 2) Head bony expansion on a narrow neck
• 3) Facet smooth, nearly flat articular surface

10
Joint Projections

• 4) Ramus Armlike bar of bone

11
Ligament/Tendon Projections

• 1) Crest Narrow ridge of bone (Line smaller
  than a crest)
• 2) Epicondyle Raised area on or above a condyle

ULNA
12

• 3) Tubercle Small rounded projection
• 4) Tuberosity large rounded or roughened
  projection
• 5) Trochanter very large, blunt projection
• (only on femur)

Proximal Tibia
13

• 6) Spine Sharp, pointed projection

Thoracic Vertebrae
14
DEPRESSIONS

• Allow blood vessels or nerves to pass through.
• 1) Meatus (me - A- tus) Canal or tube

15
Depressions

• 2) Fossa shallow basin
• 3) Fissure narrow, slit-like opening

16
Depressions

• 4) Sinus Cavity within a bone filled with air
  and lined with mucous membranes
• 5) Foramen Round or oval opening

Foramen Magnum
17
Depressions

• 6) Sulcus, Groove or Furrow a shallow
  depression

18
Review

• Projections
• Condyle
• Head
• Facet
• Ramus
• Crest
• Epicondyle
• Tubercle
• Tuberosity
• Trochanter
• Spine

• Depressions
• Meatus
• Fossa
• Fissure
• Sinus
• Sulcus or Groove or Furrow

19
Axial Skeleton
Cranium Facial Bones
Anterior View
20
Axial Skeleton
Cranium Facial Bones
Lateral View
21
Axial Skeleton
Posterior View
22
Axial Skeleton
Inferior View
23
Fetal Skull
24
Sinal Cavities
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus

• Warm and moisten air
• Lighten the skull
• Enhance voice resonance

25
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae
(12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum Coccyx
26
Fig. 07.18a
27
Cervical Vertebrae
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
Axial Skeleton
The Thoracic Cage
Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating
Ribs (2)
31
Axial Skeleton
Sacrum Coccyx
32
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
33
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
34
Appendicular Skeleton
The Upper Limb (Forelimb)
Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges
35
Humorus
36
Ulna Radius
37
Hand Bones
Some lovers try positions that they cant handle
38
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis
39
Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis (lateral view)
Ilium
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium
40
Male vs Female Pelvis
                                         
       Female Pelvic Girdle
Male Pelvic Girdle
41
(No Transcript)
42
Appendicular Skeleton
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Pha
langes
43
Femur
44
Patella
45
Tibia Fibula
46
Foot
phelangies
metatarsals
tarsals
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies
47
Disorders
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
48
INQUIRY

• What is the difference between the appendicular
  and axial skeleton?
• What is a fontanel?
• Weight bearing vertebrae are called?
• Which vertebrae has transverse foramen?
• What boned make up the orbit of the eye?
• Which bones are the keystone to the facial bones
  and keystone to the cranial bones?
• Where on the clavicle is the weakest spot and
  most likely to be broken?
• List 3 functions of sinuses.