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M4 Preliminary Marksmanship Training Cleaning and

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M4 Preliminary Marksmanship Training Cleaning and Inspection: A weapon can fail to fire or become sluggish in operation because of overly dirty, broken or worn parts. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: M4 Preliminary Marksmanship Training Cleaning and


1
M4 Preliminary Marksmanship Training
2
Weapons Maintenance
  • Things Youll Need
  • A barber's brush or half-inch paint brush
  • Clean rags
  • Cotton swabs
  • Tooth brush
  • Barrel rods
  • Barrel brush
  • Barrel swabs
  • M4 approved gun oil(CLP, Break Free, Hoppes Gun
    Cleaner)

3
Weapons Maintenance
  • Cleaning and Inspection A weapon can fail to
    fire or become sluggish in operation because of
    overly dirty, broken or worn parts.

4
Weapons Maintenance
  • Clear the rifle in a safe direction and
    disassemble the rifle.
  • Clean the barrel, chamber and upper receiver pay
    special attention to the star chamber. Use spray
    solvent to remove debris. Dry the barrel when
    finished and before firing.
  • Clean the lower receiver check for foreign
    materials in trigger group
  • Clean the bolt carrier insure there is no carbon
    build-up.
  • Clean the bolt and insure there is no carbon
    build-up on the end of the bolt.
  • Clean the extractor and insure there no carbon
    build-up on the extractor groove.
  • Clean the buffer tube, buffer and buffer
    spring.
  • Inspect the gas rings for excessive wear
    visually inspect their size by comparing them to
    the rings from another rifle. Insure the slots
    on the three rings are not aligned. If they are
    aligned, gas can bleed off resulting in a failure
    to fully cycle.
  • Inspect the ejector to insure the spring works
    properly and no foreign matter is present. Use
    empty shell casing to see if it functions
    properly.
  • Inspect the extractor by dragging the extractor
    groove corners across the back of the hand to
    insure edges are sharp. Check extractor groove
    to insure it is not excessively worn.

5
Weapons Maintenance
  • Clean and check the magazines for damage and
    excessive wear look for cracks or bending in the
    feed lips or bottom plate lips.
  • It is useful to have a small tool kit at the
    squad or platoon level will aid in performing
    user-level inspections and cleaning.
  • Inspect the extractor spring for height and
    excessive wear. The rubber buffer should be
    present inside the spring.
  • Check the buffer spring for size by comparing it
    to the springs in other rifles. If it is too
    short or worn out, replace it.
  • Check the feed ramps in the barrel for excessive
    wear.

6
Oil and lubrication
  • It is important to lubricate the rifle
  • WHY?

7
Oil and lubrication
  • It is important to lubricate the rifle
  • WHY?
  • Lack of lubrication cause the weapon to perform
    poorly resulting in a rough trigger, failure to
    cycle, excessive build-up of residue and undo
    wear on the rifle parts.

8
Oil and lubrication
  • It is important not to over-lubricate the rifle.
  • WHY?

9
Oil and lubrication
  • It is important not to over-lubricate the rifle.
  • WHY?
  • Excess oil collects dirt, can be blown into your
    face during firing, and can cause hydrostatic
    pitting in the barrel when firing.

10
Oil and lubrication
  • Oil the wear rails on the bolt carrier with a
    small bead of oil, oil the locking lugs on the
    bolt, and install the bolt carrier.
  • Lubricate the rear of the trigger with a small
    spot of weapons grade lithium grease (an un-oiled
    trigger can almost double the trigger pull).
  • Lubricate the steel of the weapon so it will
    not rust.
  • It is important to Prepare Your Rifle for Firing
    by insuring it is lubricated and has a clean /
    dry barrel
  • Oil the bolt wear ring, and assemble the bolt and
    carrier.
  • Place two drops of oil on the charging handle and
    install.

11
Rigging
  • Why do we attach items to our rifle? Every item
    attached to the rifle should enhance the rifles
    performance, it is important to know the purpose
    and function of each item.
  • Slings Why?

12
Rigging
  • Weapon lights Generally mounted on the strong
    side of the weapon for shooting around obstacles
    and to avoid the sling carry spare batteries.
  • Lasers Mounted on top of the barrel is usually
    the best option and most efficient for zeroing.
  • Forward Vertical Grip Mounted as far forward as
    possible. This will better aid in its use to
    support/control the rifle as taught in rifle
    fundamentals.
  • Back-up Iron Sights Need to be mounted on every
    rifle they are a back up until they are a primary

13
Rigging/Optics
  • Optics
  • Spare batteries need to be carried (the pistol
    grip or other suitable location).
  • Trijicon ACOG eye relief is 1 to 1¼ inch.
  • CCOs should be mounted as far rearward as
    possible for the widest field of view.
  • Check to insure the CCO is not canted this will
    affect zeroing and adjustments.
  • Mark optics and other add-on items with paint
    marks so you can easily spot a loose screw or
    mount.

14
Malfunctions
  • Cycles of Function
  • Firing The trigger is pulled releasing the
    hammer, which hits the firing pin, striking the
    primer and discharging the rifle.
  • Unlocking Gas tapped from the barrel through the
    gas tube is redirected to the bolt carrier key.
    This pushes the carrier to the rear, and unlocks
    the bolt from the barrel extension via the cam
    pin moving in the carrier cam surface.
  • Extracting The rim of the expended cartridge
    case is grasped by the claw on the extractor on
    one side, while pressure is exerted on the
    opposite side of the case by the ejector. With
    this, the case is pulled from the chamber.
  • Ejecting Once the case is extracted and clears
    the barrel extension, the ejector forcefully
    pushes the case, as the extractor continues to
    pull it to the rear. This push-pull of the
    ejector-extractor expels the case from the rifle.

15
Malfunctions
  • Cycles of Function Continue.
  • Cocking The bolt and bolt carrier moving to the
    rear, cocks the hammer via the underside of the
    rear of the carrier.
  • Feeding The bolt and bolt carrier, after moving
    fully to the rear, comes forward (counter
    recoil), and strips a fresh cartridge from the
    feed lips of the magazine.
  • Chambering After stripping a fresh cartridge,
    the bolt and carrier continue forward pushing the
    cartridge up the feed ramps and into the chamber.
  • Locking The pressure of the action spring push
    the carrier completely forward, and the cam
    surface engages the cam pin, turning the bolt,
    locking it into the barrel extension, and
    snapping the extractor around the case rim.

16
Malfunctions
  • What are the most common types of malfunctions?
  • Failure to Cycle resulting in any of the
    following malfunctions.
  • Failure to Fire resulting in a Squeeze / Click on
    a live round with the bolt forward.
  • Failure to Extract resulting in a live round
    jammed behind a spent cartridge that remained
    lodged in the chamber and the bolt partially to
    the rear.
  • Failure to Eject resulting in a spent cartridge
    and a live round jammed in the receiver with the
    bolt partially to the rear.

17
Malfunctions
  • Failure to Eject resulting in a Bolt Override a
    spent cartridge jammed between the charging
    handle and the top of the bolt with the bolt
    partially to the rear. Pressure from the buffer
    spring presses the bolt forward onto the spent
    cartridge, which is pushed into the forward
    portion of the charging handle. If you pull back
    on the charging handle, the bolt carrier group,
    the spent cartridge and the charging handle move
    to the rear as a group. Generally, the bolt will
    not lock to the rear and can only be pulled to
    the rear a short distance.
  • Failure to Feed resulting in a Squeeze / Click on
    an empty chamber with the bolt forward.
  • Failure to Feed resulting in a Double Feed two
    live rounds jammed in the receiver with the bolt
    partially to the rear.

18
Malfunctions
  • What are our actions when we detect a
    malfunction?
  • Slap the Magazine
  • Pull charging handle to the rear
  • Observe ejection of round (if weapon fails to
    eject round, immediately seek remedial action.
  • Release the charging handle do not ride it
    forward.
  • Tap the forward assist assembly to ensure the
    bolt closes.
  • Squeeze the trigger and try to fire the rifle

19
Load Procedures
  • a. Point the carbine muzzle in a safe direction.
  • b. Cock the carbine (this also opens the bolt).
  • c. Place the selector lever on SAFE.
  • d. Open the bolt and check the chamber to ensure
    it is clear.
  • e. Insert the magazine, pushing it upward until
    the magazine catch
  • f. Tap upward on the bottom of the magazine to
    ensure that it is seated.
  • g. Chamber a round.
  • h. Place the selector lever on the desired mode
    of fire.
  • i. If the weapon is not to be fired immediately,
    place selector lever on SAFE and close the
    ejection port cover.

20
Unload Procedures
  • 1. Remove the magazine.
  • a. Point the rifle muzzle in a safe direction.
  • b. Place the selector lever on SAFE (if the
    weapon is not cocked, you cannot place the
    selector lever on SAFE).
  • c. Remove the magazine from the rifle.
  • 2. Remove ammunition.
  • a. Lock the bolt open and return the charging
    handle forward.
  • b. Check the receiver and chamber for ammunition.
    Remove any ammunition present.
  • c. Press the bottom of the bolt catch, allowing
    the bolt to go forward.
  • d. Place the selector lever on SAFE.

21
Rifle Marksmanship
  • U.S. Army does not advocate any rifle fire other
    than well-aimed, deliberate fire.
  • Repeated combat experience has demonstrated that
    a single, well-aimed, rapidly fired shot is by
    far, more effective than numerous rounds, rapidly
    fire in the direction of the enemy.
  • As the saying goes, You cannot miss fast
    enough.
  • Advanced rifle marksmanship is nothing more than
    mastering the basics of well-aimed, deliberate
    fire.
  • If you master your ability (potential) for rapid,
    aimed fire in training, you will be able to fire
    accurately and as fast as you need to in combat.

22
Rifle Marksmanship
  • The background components of rifle marksmanship
    (or for that matter, any task) are the answers to
    a few reasonably selected questions that define
    the task. For rifle marksmanship, we will use
    the following questions.
  •  
  • What type of rifle marksmanship are we concern
    with and how does assault rifle marksmanship
    differ from other types?
  • What are we trying to accomplish with assault
    rifle fire?
  • What are the capabilities of the rifle?
  • What is the primary factor that affects the
    strike of the round?
  • What are our goals in manipulating the rifle?
  • What are the fundamentals of Rifle Marksmanship
    and how do they assist us?

23
Rifle Marksmanship
  • What are the fundamentals of Rifle Marksmanship
    and how do they assist us?
  • Steady Position
  • Aiming
  • Breath Control
  • Trigger Squeeze
  • Follow Through this one is added to address
    what concerns or issues?

24
Rifle Marksmanship
Steady Position
  • Natural Point of Aim
  • Square to the Target
  • Extended Stock
  • Rifle Butt Position
  • Non-firing Hand
  • Firing Handgrip
  • Firing Elbow Placement
  • Non-firing Elbow
  • Cheek-to-Stock Weld
  • Support (Mag on ground)
  • Muscle Relaxation

25
Rifle Marksmanship
  • Aiming
  • Sight Alignment Iron sight or optical / reticle
  • Focus of the Eye Iron sight or optical /
    reticle
  • Sight Picture
  • Front Sight

26
Rifle Marksmanship
  • Breath Control
  • Natural Respiratory Pause
  • Stop Breathing verses Holding Breathe

27
Rifle Marksmanship
  • Trigger Squeeze
  • Trigger Finger
  • Squeeze Dealing with wobble, recoil
    anticipation and jerking the trigger
  • Hold Leads into Follow Through
  • Reset

28
Rifle Marksmanship
  • Follow Through
  • Evaluate the Shot
  • Evaluate the Situation
  • Prepare for Follow-on Shots

29
Rifle Marksmanship
Maintaining Center Mass Aim (200m Zero)
Crotch Level Aim (300m Zero)
30
Aim Center Mass
25 meter zero, target at 100 Meters
200 Meter Zero, target at 100 Meters
7 High
3 High
31
Aim Center Mass
25 meter zero, target at 200 Meters
200 Meter Zero, target at 200 Meters
7 High
Center
32
Aim Center Mass
25 meter zero, target at 300 Meters
200 Meter Zero, target at 300 Meters
Center
10 Low
33
Rifle Marksmanship
  • The trigger pullers will close and destroy enemy,
    usually from within 100-200 meters
  • Still a need for Long Range Marksman/Squad
    Designated Sniper, for support and SKTs.

34
Zero
35
Positions
36
Positions
Prone
Feet
Mag on ground
37
Kneeling
  • (a) Kneel on your right knee while facing the
    target, with your left hand on the magazine and
    your right grasping the rifle' s pistol grip.
  • (b) Place your left foot about .45 meter (18
    inches) to your left front, with your toes
    pointing in the general direction of the target.
  • (c) Keeping your right toe in place, sit on your
    right heel.
  • (d) Place your left elbow forward of your left
    knee, resting the flat portion of your upper arm
    on your knee.
  • (e) Move the rifle butt into the pocket of your
    right shoulder, pulling the rifle pistol grip
    with your right hand.
  • (f) With your left hand on the rifle magazine,
    place your left forefinger in the trigger guard
    of the grenade launcher.
  • (g) Pull the rifle firmly into your shoulder.
  • (h) Pull your right elbow in close to your body
    to help you apply rearward pressure to the
    weapon.

38
Kneeling
39
Standing
40
Barricade
2 Difference
41
Barricade
2 Difference
HUMMV Lift Hook
42
Night fire
  • Mounting/sight adjustments
  • zeroing techniques
  • Grouping

43
Night Firing
  • Safety Aiming lasers can permanently damage or
    blind the human eye. For this reason,
    precautions are taken to insure the laser is
    never pointed at an individual that is not an
    enemy combatant.
  • If the laser must be pointed at an individual for
    security reasons (civilian or enemy combatant),
    caution is taken to insure the laser is not
    pointed at the individuals face.
  • A laser is never intentionally pointed at the
    face of any individual.
  • Treat all lasers as loaded weapons do not point
    lasers at anyone or anything unless you intend to
    engage.
  • Ensure the laser is off when not in use and
    consider removing the batteries for longer
    periods of storage.

44
AN/PEQ-2
  • There are two adjustable lasers on the PEQ2 the
    right side laser is an aiming laser with a Low
    and High setting, the left side laser is a
    variable illuminator with a Low and High setting.
  • Locking screw - ensure the screw is tight and
    mark with a paint pen so you can make a quick
    reference to ensure that it has not come lose.

45
AN/PEQ-2
  • Lens caps or diffusers - These caps protect the
    lens of the laser from dust and other objects.
    There are different lens covers that offer shapes
    for the laser as well.
  • Batteries and battery caps - the PEQ2 uses 2 AA
    batteries, maker sure that the caps are tight.
    If the PEQ2 is stored with the batteries in, it
    will reduce the spring tension, this cause the
    laser to turn off after every shot.
  • On/Off Push Button - push one time and the laser
    will turn on for approximately 3 seconds and then
    turn off. Push the button 2 times consecutively
    and it will stay on continuous.
  • All adjustments are 1½ MOA.

46
Modes
  • OFF - The AN/PEQ-2A will not operate.
  • AIM LO - The aiming beam operates at low power.
    Low power is useful to reduce night vision device
    blooming of the aiming spot on close targets. It
    is also useful for training because the beam
    power meets the criteria of an eye-safe laser.
  • DUAL LO - The Aiming beam operates at low power
    and the illuminating beam operates at low power.
    Low power aiming and illuminating is useful to
    reduce the effects of blooming when engaging
    targets at close range.

47
Modes
  • AIM HI - The aiming beam operates at high power.
    Hi power is useful for aiming or pointing at
    distant targets.
  • DUAL LO/HI - The aiming beam operates at low
    power and the illumination beam operates at full
    power. The DUAL mode enables a target to be
    illuminated and fired upon using an aiming beam.
  • DUAL HI/HI - The aiming beam operates at high
    power and the illumination beam operates at full
    power.

48
Co-Witness
  • This technique is a field expedient method of
    zero that can only be done if the weapon with
    optic, is zeroed.
  • This method of zero will give point of aim, point
    of impact at the desired zeroed distance.
  • If the weapon and optic has a zero at 200m then
    the laser will be point of point of impact at
    200m.
  • (Remember the effectiveness of the NVGs and the
    most likely engagement distance in theater)

49
Co-Witness
  • This process only takes a few seconds with NVGs
    on, look through the optic turning the brightness
    down so it is visible, turn the laser on and
    locate the laser through the optic, move the
    laser up/down and/or left/right until it sits
    directly on top of the red dot of the optic.
  • This needs to be done out to distance. All you
    need is a definitive aiming point allowing you to
    hold so the laser can be moved to the optic.

50
Co-Witness
  • Simply put, you will make your laser point at the
    same thing as your daytime optic.
  • Battle buddy system is the best way to do this.

51
AN/PVS 14
  • Monocular night vision devise that be worn over
    either non-firing or firing eye.
  • If worn over non-firing eye, this will provide
    the ability to use the red dot optic in a lighted
    area with out having to flip the 14s up and out
    of the way.
  • Worn over the firing eye, this will provide the
    possibility to look through the 14s and the
    optic at the same time to engage targets without
    a laser.

52
AN/PVS 14
  • The 14s have 2 focus rings one closest to the
    eye is use to set the focus to the strength the
    eye based on the individuals vision.
  • The second focus ring is for range or depth of
    visibility.
  • To focus the ANPVS 14, it will take some minor
    adjustments to find the clearest field of view.
  • The small knob on the front of the PVS14 is the
    gain. This controls the brightness of the tube
    itself.

53
M4 Preliminary Marksmanship Training
  • Questions
  • ?

54
M4 Preliminary Marksmanship Training
  • Trigger Squeeze drills (Dime/Washer)
  • Steady Position Drills
  • 50 ready up drills to each side
  • Magazine change drills
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