Transactional, Charismatic and Transformational Leadership.

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Transactional, Charismatic and Transformational
Leadership.

• What leaders do.

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Charisma

• The quality of a leader that makes many people
  want to follow.

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Charismatic leadership involves the use of power
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Power

• The ability to influence people to do things.
• Five types of power
• Coercive based on punishment
• Reward Based on rewards
• Legitimate Based on a role
• Expert Based on needed knowledge
• Referent based on charisma

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Halperts dimensions

• Charisma combines power with task orientation
• Referent Power
• Expert Power
• Job or task involvement

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Use of power by leaders

• Socialized Charisma
• Power for social good
• Personalized charisma
• Power for personal benefit
• Office holder Charisma
• Combines legitimate power with task needs
• Personal charisma
• Use referent power to lead

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Leadership from a systemic and sociological
perspective
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Leadership from a systemic and sociological
perspective

• Leaders and followers form a social system of
  relationships
• Interact within a context

Context
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Charismatic Leadership

• Combines what the leader does (behavior) with
  what the leader is (characteristics)
• Focus on the relationship between the leader and
  the followers.

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Charismatic Leadership Characteristics

• Charismatic leaders high in
• Dominance
• Self confidence
• Need for influence
• Belief in own values

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Charismatic Leadership Behaviors

• Goal Articulation
• A transcendent goal inspires a movement - I have
  a dream
• Personal Image Building
• Behaviors that create impression of
  competence/success
• Prove his competence to the followers
• Leader role modeling of value system
• Gandhi models self sacrificing behavior of non
  violence
• Leader motive arousal behavior
• Message inspires needs in the followers that are
  needed to complete the task. (message of
  loveneeds for affiliationrequired for bringing
  together Hindu/Moslems/Christians)
• Leader communication of high performance
  expectations of, and confidence in, followers

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Follower Behaviors

• Characteristics and behaviors of the charismatic
  leader encourage behaviors in the followers
• Trust, loyalty, unquestioning acceptance,
  obedience to the leader
• Emulation of leaders value system
• Acceptance by followers of challenging goals
• Enhanced self esteem and performance expectations
  by the followers

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The Result

• Effective follower performance if the behavior is
  appropriate to the task being accomplished

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Leader-Follower Relationships

• Transactional Leadership

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Transactional Leadership

• Classical management
• Focus on the leader and the follower
• Transaction
• Work for pay
• Work for psychological benefits (status,
  recognition or esteem)
• Requires appropriate role behavior
• Requires clear goals and appropriate instructions
• Transactional leadership focuses on the task.

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Transactional Leadership

• Puts leaders and followers on opposite sides.
• Ebb and flow of power and reward depending on
  follower performance.
• High task performancepower and rewards to the
  follower.
• Low task performanceLeader exercises legitimate
  and coercive power.
• Promotes game-playing

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Transactional Leadership

• A demonstration

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Transformational Leadership
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Transformational leadership

• Transforms the environment and the people in it
• Focuses on building an appropriate context and on
  enhancing the relationships of people within the
  system

The environment
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Transforming the culture

• People can be trusted
• Everyone has a contribution to make
• Complex problems should be handled at the lowest
  level
• Norms are flexable adapting to changing
  environment
• Superiors are coaches, mentors, models

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Transforming the leaders behavior

• Identifying and articulating a vision-Behavior on
  the part of the leader aimed at identifying new
  opportunities for his or her unit/division/company
  , and developing, articulating, and inspiring
  others with his or her vision of the future.
• Providing an appropriate model-Behavior on the
  part of the leader that sets an example for
  employees to follow that is consistent with the
  values the leader espouses.
• Fostering the acceptance of group goals-Behavior
  on the part of the leader aimed at promoting
  cooperation among employees and getting them to
  work together toward a common goal.

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Transforming the leaders behavior

• High performance expectations-Behavior that
  demonstrates the leader's expectations for
  excellence, quality, and/or high performance on
  the part of followers.
• Providing individualized support-Behavior on the
  part of the leader that indicates that he/she
  respects followers and is concerned about their
  personal feelings and needs.
• Intellectual stimulation-Behavior on the part of
  the leader that challenges followers to
  re-examine some of their assumptions about their
  work and rethink how it can be performed.

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What is your leadership style-Transactional or
transformational?