Title: ANIMAL HEALTH
1ANIMAL HEALTH
DAVID M. BENEFIELD CULLMAN HIGH SCHOOL
2Types of Disinfectants and Antiseptics
- Disinfectants applied to the environment
- Sodium hydroxide used widely as a germicide
- Unslaked lime mixed with water to form calcium
hydroxide - Quaternary ammonium compounds most common spray
disinfectants (lysol, clorox spray) - Antiseptics applied to the animal
- Iodine
- Ethanol ethyl rubbing alcohol
- Isopropanol isopropyl rubbing alcohol
3cont.
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Cleansers
- Detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers
- Soaps
4METHODS OF ADMINISTERING MEDICINE
- Topical applied to skin or mucous membranes of
eye,ear, or nasal passage - Ex. Ointments, powders, aerosols
- Oral given by mouth by feeding, balling gun,
drench applicator (gun), or dose syringe - Ex. Pills, tablets, capsules, liquids
- Anal or rectal introduced into rectum
- Ex. Suppository
5Methods, cont.
- Nasal introduced into the nose
- Ex. Spray for respiratory virus
- Injectable placed directly into animals body
with needle and syringe - Ex. Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal
- Intrauterine introduced directly into uterus
- Ex. Bolus placed in uterus after calving problems
6Common Types of Animal Medical Equipment
- Balling Gun used to administer pills, capsules,
or boluses orally - Syringe used with needle to administer liquid
injectables - Thermometer inserted into animals rectum to
check body temperature - Drench Gun used to administer orally liquid
medications - Speculum Tube 20-inch metal tube used with a
rubber tube to relieve cattle of bloat - Implant Gun used to deposit growth stimulant
pellets in back of ear
7TYPES OF INJECTIONS
8SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION (SUB Q) Made in any area
where skin fits loosely, such a neck, chest wall,
or flank dosage is deposited under raised skin,
and area is then massaged to facilitate
distribution.
9(No Transcript)
10(No Transcript)
11INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION (IM) Made deeply into
large muscle with needle at least ¾ inch long.
Not placed in high priced meat areas, can damaged
muscle tissue.
12(No Transcript)
13(No Transcript)
14INTRAVENOUS INJECTION (IV) Made directly into
jugular vein with 14- or 16- gauge. 1 ½ to 2-
inch needle with point toward animals heart.
Fastest route for medicine.
15(No Transcript)
16INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION (IP) Made into right
flank at point in center of triangle formed by
loin, last rib, and line from top of last rib to
hip bone.
17(No Transcript)
18INFUSION INTRAMAMMARY (IMM) Made with cannula
directly into teat canal after disinfecting teat
and depressing teat to open sphincter muscle.
Mastitis (infection)
19(No Transcript)
20INTRARUMINAL INJECTION (IR) Made through the
left flank with a 14-gauge, 3-inch needle. Used
to relieve bloat and injecting medicine directly
into the rumen.
21(No Transcript)
22INTRADERMAL INJECTION (ID) Made into skin with a
20- to 26-gauge needle. Should raise a blister.
Hair is shaven in area.
23(No Transcript)
24Types of Vaccines
- Bacterial vaccine which protects against
diseases caused by bacteria - Killed virus produced by infecting an animal
with a specific virus which is harvested at the
height of infection and subjected to killing
agents (dead virus stimulates antibodies) - Live virus produced by growing a live culture
of the virus - Modified live virus made by altering a
disease-producing agent by growing it in another
host or reducing virulence of the virus
25cont.
- Monovalent vaccine which produces only one
disease immunity - Polyvalent vaccine which produces immunity
against two or more diseases - Viral vaccine which protects against diseases
caused by viruses - Serum fluid portion of blood without the cells
or the clotting factors (obtained from animals
immune to the disease and injected into other
animals in order to give passive immunity
26Common Diseases
- Blackleg and clostridium infections (Sub Q or IM)
- Vibriosis (IM)
- Leptospirosis (IM)
- Enterotoxemia (Sub Q)
- Erysipelas (Sub Q or IM)
- Anemia (IM)
- Staph mastitis (IM)
27GUIDELINES FOR PROPER VACCINATION OF ANIMALS
- Use a clean syringe in good working order
- Use only the dose directed
- Use proper method and proper route
- Keep vaccine bottles refrigerated
- Do not expose live biologicals to sunlight
- Observe slaughter withdrawal time
- Do not inject in primal cuts use shoulder of
neck muscles - Disinfect or change needles for each different
animal - Follow all manufacturers directions