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ANIMAL HEALTH

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ANIMAL HEALTH DAVID M. BENEFIELD CULLMAN HIGH SCHOOL Types of Disinfectants and Antiseptics Disinfectants applied to the environment Sodium hydroxide used ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ANIMAL HEALTH


1
ANIMAL HEALTH
DAVID M. BENEFIELD CULLMAN HIGH SCHOOL
2
Types of Disinfectants and Antiseptics
  • Disinfectants applied to the environment
  • Sodium hydroxide used widely as a germicide
  • Unslaked lime mixed with water to form calcium
    hydroxide
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds most common spray
    disinfectants (lysol, clorox spray)
  • Antiseptics applied to the animal
  • Iodine
  • Ethanol ethyl rubbing alcohol
  • Isopropanol isopropyl rubbing alcohol

3
cont.
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Cleansers
  • Detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers
  • Soaps

4
METHODS OF ADMINISTERING MEDICINE
  • Topical applied to skin or mucous membranes of
    eye,ear, or nasal passage
  • Ex. Ointments, powders, aerosols
  • Oral given by mouth by feeding, balling gun,
    drench applicator (gun), or dose syringe
  • Ex. Pills, tablets, capsules, liquids
  • Anal or rectal introduced into rectum
  • Ex. Suppository

5
Methods, cont.
  • Nasal introduced into the nose
  • Ex. Spray for respiratory virus
  • Injectable placed directly into animals body
    with needle and syringe
  • Ex. Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal
  • Intrauterine introduced directly into uterus
  • Ex. Bolus placed in uterus after calving problems

6
Common Types of Animal Medical Equipment
  • Balling Gun used to administer pills, capsules,
    or boluses orally
  • Syringe used with needle to administer liquid
    injectables
  • Thermometer inserted into animals rectum to
    check body temperature
  • Drench Gun used to administer orally liquid
    medications
  • Speculum Tube 20-inch metal tube used with a
    rubber tube to relieve cattle of bloat
  • Implant Gun used to deposit growth stimulant
    pellets in back of ear

7
TYPES OF INJECTIONS
8
SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION (SUB Q) Made in any area
where skin fits loosely, such a neck, chest wall,
or flank dosage is deposited under raised skin,
and area is then massaged to facilitate
distribution.
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11
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION (IM) Made deeply into
large muscle with needle at least ¾ inch long.
Not placed in high priced meat areas, can damaged
muscle tissue.
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14
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION (IV) Made directly into
jugular vein with 14- or 16- gauge. 1 ½ to 2-
inch needle with point toward animals heart.
Fastest route for medicine.
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16
INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION (IP) Made into right
flank at point in center of triangle formed by
loin, last rib, and line from top of last rib to
hip bone.
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18
INFUSION INTRAMAMMARY (IMM) Made with cannula
directly into teat canal after disinfecting teat
and depressing teat to open sphincter muscle.
Mastitis (infection)
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20
INTRARUMINAL INJECTION (IR) Made through the
left flank with a 14-gauge, 3-inch needle. Used
to relieve bloat and injecting medicine directly
into the rumen.
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22
INTRADERMAL INJECTION (ID) Made into skin with a
20- to 26-gauge needle. Should raise a blister.
Hair is shaven in area.
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24
Types of Vaccines
  • Bacterial vaccine which protects against
    diseases caused by bacteria
  • Killed virus produced by infecting an animal
    with a specific virus which is harvested at the
    height of infection and subjected to killing
    agents (dead virus stimulates antibodies)
  • Live virus produced by growing a live culture
    of the virus
  • Modified live virus made by altering a
    disease-producing agent by growing it in another
    host or reducing virulence of the virus

25
cont.
  • Monovalent vaccine which produces only one
    disease immunity
  • Polyvalent vaccine which produces immunity
    against two or more diseases
  • Viral vaccine which protects against diseases
    caused by viruses
  • Serum fluid portion of blood without the cells
    or the clotting factors (obtained from animals
    immune to the disease and injected into other
    animals in order to give passive immunity

26
Common Diseases
  • Blackleg and clostridium infections (Sub Q or IM)
  • Vibriosis (IM)
  • Leptospirosis (IM)
  • Enterotoxemia (Sub Q)
  • Erysipelas (Sub Q or IM)
  • Anemia (IM)
  • Staph mastitis (IM)

27
GUIDELINES FOR PROPER VACCINATION OF ANIMALS
  • Use a clean syringe in good working order
  • Use only the dose directed
  • Use proper method and proper route
  • Keep vaccine bottles refrigerated
  • Do not expose live biologicals to sunlight
  • Observe slaughter withdrawal time
  • Do not inject in primal cuts use shoulder of
    neck muscles
  • Disinfect or change needles for each different
    animal
  • Follow all manufacturers directions
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