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Anti-malarial Plants Products of Mali:

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Title: Anti-malarial Plants Products of Mali:


1
Anti-malarial Plants Products of Mali
  • Chiaka Diakité
  • Department of Traditional Medicine (DMT)
  • Bamako
  • Nairobi, 20-22 March 2006

2
Plan of presentation
  • Introduction
  • Traditional treatment
  • Medicinal plants used for Malaria
  • Reseach,objectives,strategies,results
  • Economic importance of medicinal plants
  • Conclusion

3
Introduction
  • In Africa 80 of the population uses Traditional
    Medicine for sociocultural economic reasons
  • In Mali, poverty exacerbates the difficulties of
    access to primary health care
  • The majority of the population resorts to
    Traditional Medicine for treatment of malaria

4
Introduction
  • Malaria is a public health problem
  • 300 500 million clinical cases annually
    worldwide
  • 1.1-2.7 million deaths each year
  • 28 absenteeism from school
  • 3.5 days of temporary disability per person per
    year
  • gt 2 million USD in direct indirect costs for
    malaria in Africa

5
Introduction
  • In Mali
  • 1993 National program to fight against malaria
  • 42 of deaths amongst infants juveniles
  • Leading cause of mortality (13)
  • Leading cause of morbidity (15.6)

6
Introduction
  • For the treatment of malaria poeple self medicate
  • - With modern medicines
  • - With traditonal medicines
  • - A combination of both medicines
  • Treatment at the health center
  • Treatment at the traditional healer clinic

7
Traditional Treatment of Malaria
  • In Traditional Medicine the treatment of malaria
    is based on the use of prescriptions of
    plant-based medicines with some animal products
  • Preparation is by steeping or infusing decoctions
    of plants parts of plants in water
  • The prescription is administered as a drink, as a
    bath, as a steam bath or as a fumigation

8
Some medicinal plants used for malaria in Mali
  • Scientific Names Bamana Names
  • Glinus oppositifolius L. Balassa
  • Vernonia colorata Will. Kô safunè
  • Cassia sieberiana D. C. Sindjan
  • Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Ntiribara
  • Anogeissus leiocarpus D. C. Ngalama
  • Combretum glutinosum Perrex Tchangara blé
  • Guiera senegalensis J. F. Nkundjè

9
Some medicinal plants used for malaria in Mali
  • Scientific Names Bamana Names
  • Alchornea cordifolia Schumach Dunféké
  • Chrosophora senegalensis Lam. Dabada
  • Psorospermum guineense Hochr. Karidjakouma
  • Khaya senegalensis Desr. Djala
  • Trichilia roka Forst. Soulafinzan
  • Acacia senegal L. Willd Donkari
  • Entada africana Guill. Perr. Samanèrè
  • Parkia biglobosa Jacq. Nèrè

10
Some medicinal plants used for malaria in Mali
  • Scientific Names Bamana Names
  • Ficus thonnigii Blume Doubalé
  • Oxytenanthera abyssinica Munro Bô
  • Gardenia ternifolia Schum. Bouré tchè
  • Mitragyna inermis Willd. Jun
  • Nauclea latifolia Sm. Baro
  • Fagara zanthoxyloïdes Lam. Wô
  • Lippia chevalieri Moldenke Nganiba

11
Research by DMT
  • Research into anti-malarial activities of plants
  • The fight against carriers (vectors)
  • The implications for workers in Traditional
    Medicine in the fight against malaria

12
Research Objectives
  • To place at the disposal of the population
    effective anti-malarial medicines at reduced cost
    which are based on local products
  • To arrange effective anti-larval medicines that
    cause little harm to the environment

13
Research Strategies
  • Collaboration with traditional therapists
  • Collection of ethnobotanical information of
    medicinal plants
  • Compilation of medicinal plant bibliographies
  • Laboratory testing clinical studies

14
Research Results
  • Malarial is a mixture of 3 plants wich is
    used against Malaria of Plasmodium falciparum
  • - Cassia occidentalis
  • - Lippia chevalieri
  • - Spilanthes oleracea
  • Argemone.Mexicana is a single plant used
    against Malaria

15

A. mexicana
16
Production of Malarial
  • Table of malarial production at the DMT
  • Period Quantity
  • 2000 -
  • 2001 -
  • 2002 7.913
  • 2003 6.645
  • 2004 4.386
  • 2005 4.715

17
Traditional Healer collecting medicinal plants
18
Traditional healer and malaria treatment
Bandiagaras Experience
  • 45 healers was formed to the signs and symptoms
    of uncomplicated and complicated Malaria
  • In ten months 3797 patients were diagnosed
  • 114 were refered to the health center
  • 34 died

19
Urban Use of Medicinal Plants
  • Today, despite urbanisation, the population
    continues to treat itself with medicinal plants
  • However personal use is based upon market supply
    demand
  • Little or no respect for the plants
  • Excessive exploitation
  • Over harvesting
  • Wastage conservation problems

20
The Market for Medicinal Plants
  • Across Malian towns one encounters many sales
    points for medicinal plants
  • In the markets
  • Along the main roads
  • Travelling salespersons
  • More more the sale of medicinal plants is
    improving better organised

21
The Market for Medicinal Plants
  • Today medicinal plants are sold by
  • 1) Herbalists
  • Improved traditional herbalists in the markets of
    Medine Hamdallaye
  • Authorised herbalists
  • 2) Pharmacies

22
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25
Market of medicinal plants in Bamako
26
Plant-based Medicines
  • Medicinal plants are used by
  • The population for self-medication
  • Traditional health practitioners in the treatment
    of their patients
  • DMT for the production of enhanced Traditional
    Medicines
  • Exporters for supply of international markets of
    herbal medicines

27
Economic Importance of Medicinal Plants
  • A study conducted in Burkina Faso estimated the
    annual consumption per person per annum is about
    500g at an approximate cost of 2,200F CFA (Banque
    mondiale PROMETRA Burkina Faso, 2003)
  • This correlates with a city like Bamako, with an
    annual consumption of about 600 tonnes of
    medicinal plants at a value of 2,640, 000,000F
    CFA
  • The world market for traditional plant-based
    medicines is estimated at 60 million USD
  • (Strategie de lOMS pour La Medicine
    Traditionelle 2002-2005)

28
Industrial Production of Plant-based Medicines
  • In Mali, the population makes up the principal
    source of medicinal plants
  • Today, large scale production of plant-based
    medicines is a compelling obligation to enable
    fulfilment of the health care needs of the
    population of Mali of elsewhere
  • This production ultimately has the ability to
    lead to significant problems in relation to
    natural space the depletion of plant-based
    medicines

29
Regeneration of medicinal plants
Culture of Spilanthes oleracea
30
Plant-based Medicines Biodiversity
  • The results of a study conducted by DMT on
    Medicinal plants sold in the Bamako markets
    conservation biodiversity showed that the
    scarcity of medicinal plants in nature the
    disappearance of certain of these, are among the
    main causes of the lack of stock of some
    medicinal plants at Bamako herbalists
  • 30 of rare plants are those frequently used
    against pathologies associated with Sumaya
    malaria

31
Conclusion
  • For the production commercialisation of
    plant-based medicines in Mali it is necessary
    for
  • Participative action involving traditional health
    practitioners, herbalists, researchers,
    non-government organisations, the private sector
    decision-makers
  • Appropriate organisation regulation
  • The consideration of self other interests
  • The capture of ideas experiences of traditional
    medicine practitioners

32
Conclusion
  • The strengthening of experiences such as The
    International Week of Traditional African
    Medicine (SIMTA) organised by the Malian
    Federation of traditional therapists herbalists
    (FEMBATH) to promote expansion, production
    marketing of plant-based medicines in Mali and in
    Africa

33
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