Drugs and Music

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Drugs and Music

• Christina Gov, Steven Galarnyk, Timothy Bates,
  Amanda Siu, Jae Lee

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"Music is the soul of language"  - Max Heindel
Since the dawn of society, humans have jammed to
music and used drugs for spiritual and
celebratory reasons. This is one of the oldest
cultural phenomena still going on strong
today.  We will each present five music genres of
their cultural influences and their relationship
to drugs.
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Genres

• Reggae
• Electronic
• Rock Roll
• Jazz
• Country

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•  

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Reggae

• Associated with marijuana
• Many reggae artists were followers of the
  Rastafari movement
• Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Burning Spear
• Cannabis referenced in lyrics
• "Legalize it" - Peter Tosh

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A Brief History

• 1655-1838 - Jamaica captured as a British colony
• slave economy
• 1838 - Jamaica was emancipated

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Rastafarianism

• A religion and ideology that developed in Jamaica
• Rejection of imperialism, westernization -
  "Babylon"
• Promoted regular use of marijuana
• Called ganja, the herb, the weed, the holy herb
• Did not encourage rum, liquor, or cigarettes

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Rastafarianism Marijuana

• Ganja used as a religious ritual
• Expression of freedom against Babylon
• Used recreationally and religiously
• Smoking ganja considered a spiritual act
• Followed by Bible study
• Brings one closer to Jah
• Smoking of ganja to "loosen up"
• brainwashed by capitalism and colonialism
• the only way to clear the mind would be through
  use of ganja
• enables you to see your "true self"
• Belief that the Bible encouraged use of the herb
• "He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and
  the herb for the service of man." Psalm 10414

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More Biblical Citations

• "...thou shalt eat the herb of the field."
  Genesis 318
• "...eat every herb of the land" Exodus 1012
• "And God said, Behold, I have given you every
  herb-bearing seed, which is upon the face of all
  the earth, and every tree, in the which is the
  fruit of a tree yielding seed to you it shall be
  for meat." Genesis 129

• "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb
  yielding seed after his kind, and the tree
  yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after
  his kind and God saw it was good." Genesis 318

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Nesta Robert "Bob" Marley

• Reggae artist andRastafarian
• Spread the RastafarianMovement worldwide

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Electronic
Electronic
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What is Electronic Music?

• According to the EMA, electronic music is any
  music produced or performed primarily using
  electronic instruments in a unique, non-generic
  fashion, such that the focus of the music is on
  the electronic aspects.

• Some popular artists in this genre includes
• Steve Aoki
• Infected Mushroom
• Armin Vaan Burren
• The Prodigy
• Skrillex

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History of Electronic Music
"If Pac-Man had affected us as kids, we'd all be
running around in dark rooms, munching pills and
listening to repetitive electronic music." -
Marcus Brigstocke

• Electronic music could be dated back to as 1900s.
  However, to us the more culturally relevant
  portion of electronic music history starts out in
  1980s when the rave culture started to take off.?
• Gained popularity in the U.K with influential
  figures such as Paul Oakenfold.
• Not surprisingly, E started to get popular around
  this time
• First news report of E seizure in 1987.

 
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Iconic Drugs

• MDMA
• Pharmacodynamics
• Indirect agonist for 5-HT and for DA and Ne in
  lesser amount
• It's effects are unique because it makes you feel
  sympathetic towards others. (empathogenesis)
• Perhaps this is the reason it is popular with
  teenagers. (That or the increase in sensuality
  known as enactogenesis)
• Pharmacokinetic
•  Usually swallowed in pill form
•  peaks in 1 hour and last from 3-12 hours
  depending on purity

MDMA crystals
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Iconic Drugs continued

• Stimulants
•  Cocaine, Amphetamine
• These are insufflated or cut into the ecstasy
  pills
• Psychedelics
•  LSD
• Taking MDMA and LSD at the same time is known as
  "Candy flipping."

 
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Interview

• These were the people I had to interview, this
  was difficult for several reasons.
• The music was blaring non-stop, it was very hard
  to carry on a conversation. Apparently rave
  culture promotes unity, not conversation.
• People wouldn't stop offering me massages and
  light shows. While flattered, some of these
  people had to be avoided.

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Interview continued

• Many claimed that the effect of MDMA made them
  feel more connected and close to one another.
  (empathogenesis)
• MDMA was used for marriage counseling.
• This also coincides with PLUR, the rave
  philosophy of Peace, Love, Unity and Respect

• Example from my hands-on interviews
• "Sick bass beats and ecstasy just goes together."
  - Hyper Nova
• "I can feel the music with all of my body and
  makes me want to dance    all night long." -
  Crush Bunny (enactogenesis)
•     This person probably took pill that was cut
  with uppers such as amphetamine.
• ( In rave culture, people are designated a
  raver name from either their rave parent or a
  total stranger)

 
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Rock Roll
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Early Rock

• Elvis Presley
• A heavy prescription drug user
• Amphetamines, Barbiturates, Hydromorphone...
• Denounced illicit drug use
• Traces of 14 different drugs at time of death
• The Beatles
• Very heavy use of illicit drugs
• LSD (a ton), Amphetamines, Cannabis, Cocaine...
• Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
• Eventually denounced drug use
• These were typical patterns among other artists
  of the time

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Jimi Hendrix and Psychedelic Rock

• Became symbol of the psychedelic movement.
• Used LSD, Barbiturates, Amphetamines
• Message of peace and love, supported hippie
  movement
• Died famously by choking on vomit while on
  Barbiturates
• Psychedelic rock associated with many drugs
• LSD and LSA, psilocybin, Mescaline, DMT, DOM
  (STP)
• also used Cannabis, Cocaine, Ketamine and others
• Use extensive references to drugs

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              Focus on LSD

• d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
• Derived from ergot, a fungus on rye
• Acts primarily on 5HT-2A receptor
• Direct agonist
• Also acts on many other 5HT, NE and DA receptors
• Does not cause dependence
• Rapid tolerance due to down-regulation of 5HT-2A
  receptors
• Cross tolerance with Mescaline and Psilocybin 
• Significant open and closed eye hallucinations
  and possible synesthesia, surfaces seem to
  breathe and morph, after images
•  Set and Setting very important to avoid bad
  "trip"
• Schedule I drug

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Ozzy Osbourne and Heavy Metal

• Former lead guitarist and vocalist for Black
  Sabbath
• Abused drugs including alcohol for 40 years
• "I've been loaded on booze, coke, acid,
  Quaaludes, glue, cough mixture, heroin, Rohypnol,
  Klonopin, Vicodin, and too many other heavy-duty
  substances to list in this footnote. On more than
  a few occasions I was on all of those at the same
  time."
• Suffered from tremors due to Parkin Syndrome
• Not from Drug or Alcohol Abuse
• Heavy Metal is associated with harder drugs
• Cocaine, Heroin, PCP, LSD, Alcohol, Cannabis,
  Crack, Amphetamines, solvents, Barbiturates

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"Resting Arousal, Sensation Seeking, and Music
Preference"

• Suggests that some individuals may be predisposed
  to seek out more intense and complex stimuli than
  others
• some individuals may enhance stimulation,
  resulting in over stimulation
• others may reduce intensity of incoming stimuli,
  resulting in stimulus deprivation.
• Adolescents that listen to heavy metal were more
  likely to use, but not abuse illicit drugs
• Drug taking and other reckless behavior
  associated with higher levels of arousal, and are
  therefore preferred by stimulus seeking
  individuals
• These individuals engage in these activities in
  order to reach their ideal level of stimulation

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Jazz and Drugs

• The jazzman has always been tagged with the
  current vice of the times. In the Twenties the
  jazz musician was a drunkard. He was a jazz
  musician, therefore he was a drunkard. In the
  Thirties and early Forties, he was a jazz
  musician, therefore he used marijuana. In the
  later Forties and Fifties, into the Sixties, he's
  a jazz musician, so he's a dope addict.
• Billy Taylor

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Marijuana

• History
• 1910 Introduction of marijuana to US
• 1923-1930 Racially charged anti-pot campaign
• 1937 Marijuana Tax Act
• Muggles, moota, gage, reefer, Mary Warner, tea,
  mezz, ju-ju, grifa.
• Effects
• Increased metabolism - useful on late nights
• Distorted perceptions - enhanced listening
  experience
• Impaired coordination, learning and memory

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Focus Heroin

• Faster-acting version of morphine
• Can be smoked, snorted, injected
• Effects
• Euphoria a deep sense of satisfaction
• Followed by exhaustion, sense of apathy
• Aid for performance anxiety
• Nausea, slowed metabolism

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Heroin Pharmacology

• Pharm. term Diacetylmorphine
• Morphine 2 acetyl groups
• µ opioid agonists
• Increases dopamine production by inhibiting GABA
  release
• ? analgesic, euphoric effects

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"the idea was going around that to use heroin
might make you play as great as Bird." - Miles
Davis
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Country Music and Drugs
The Joke What do you get when you play a
country song backwards? Answer You get your dog
back, your truck back and your wife back.
Im just gonna go home, lie down, and listen to
country music. The music of pain. -Xander from
Buffy
Country music has always been the best shrink
that 15 bucks can buy. -Dierks Bentley
Country Music is three cords and the truth.
-Harland Howard
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Drug References
Alcohol- Brad Paisley Whiskey Girl- Toby
Keith Tequila Makes her Clothes Fall Off- Joe
Nichols Whiskey for my men, Beer For My Horses-
Toby Keith Tear In My Beer- Hank Williams Whiskey
river- Willie Nelson, Whiskey bent and hell
bound- Hank Williams, Jr Beer thirty- Brooks
Dunn Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On- Neal
McCoy All Jacked Up- Gretchen Wilson Tennessee
whiskey- David Allen Coe Whiskey Girl- Toby
Keith Tequila Sunrise- Eagles Drugs or Jesus- Tim
McGraw Cocaine Blues- Johnny Cash Etc.
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What does Country Music reference?

• Researchers who looked at the bestselling songs
  in several genres from 2005 found that 37 of top
  country songs featured references to drugs or
  alcohol, compared to just 14 of rock songs. Rap
  songs referenced drug usage in 77 of songs. RB
  and Hip-hop were at 20.
• The same study found that the drug most often
  mentioned in country songs is alcohol.

 
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So we know the reference stats

• A study by Loyola University found beer
  consumption was greatest for country music at
  live concerts when compared against Rock, Reggae
  and Hip-hop/Rap. Overall alcohol consumption
  however was highest for rock concerts.

 
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Where is country music?

• Primarily in the USA but also Canada and
  Australia.

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Where in the US is country?
 

• The size of each state is proportional to the
  number of times it is mentioned in country music.

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Tobacco Usage
l
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Alcohol Usage (binge)
Source http//www.statemaster.com/red/graph/hea_a
lc_con_bin_dri-health-alcohol-consumption-binge-dr
inkersb_map1
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So why all talk and no drink?

• Drinking is clearly considered wrong but in most
  of the songs its seen as expected and routine to
  use it to face the tough facts of life.
• The answer to the paradox The concept of
  Redemption.
• Two famous country stars, Johnny Cash and George
  Jones, both drank and it almost ruined them but
  they both found the strength to turn their lives
  around. Thats country music.

 
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Drinking is about humor?

• A University of Pittsburgh study found that in
  country music drinking tends to be portrayed as
  humorous. Alcohol isnt quite given a blanket
  acceptance as much as a humorous portrayal.

Dont have to go home but you cant stay here,
Thats what they said when I got my last beer.
Oh my God, its 2 oclock, I cant find my keys
and my trucks locked So I grabbed a tire tool
and I broke my window, hurt my elbow got me in
though Two foot later backed into the light
pole, all the town folk got a good show From
"All Jacked Up" by Gretchen Wilson
Shell start with kickin out of her shoes Loose
an earring in her drink Leave her jacket in the
bathroom stall Drop a contact down the sink From
"Tequila Makes Her Clothes Fall Off" by Joe
Nichols
He's on the dance floor yelling Freebird Singing
off pitch but he knows every word Grabs him
another girl and he holds on tight Now he's
chasing everything in sight he'll fall apart when
he gets home Right now his worries are gone Life
looks good, good, good Billy's got his beer
goggles on From "Billy's Got His Beer Goggles
On" by Neal McCoy
 
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Prescription Drug Abuse
 

• Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers in Past Year
  among Persons Aged 12 or Older

 
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Thank you! Enjoy your spring break and continue
this cultural phenomena at your own
discretion. Questions?
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References

• http//thinkexist.com/quotation/music_is_the_soul_
  of_language/214749.html
•  
• http//www.newagejournal.com/sexdrugs.shtml 
• Reggae
• http//www.uvm.edu/debate/dreadlibrary/dorsey.htm
  l
•  
• http//www.jamaicans.com/info/brief.htm
•  
• http//www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/ra
  stafarianism.htm
• Barrett, Leonard E Sr. The Rastafarians. Beacon
  Press Boston 1997.
• Rock
• http//www.beatlesbible.com/features/drugs/
•  
• http//www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2002/aug/11/
  features.magazine27 
•  
• http//www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?AS
  howDoc1ID6318
• http//www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPageo
  utput.cfmFile_Id2498 
•  

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References continued...

• Country 
• http//health.usnews.com/usnews/health/healthday/0
  71108/one-third-of-popular-songs-refer-to-substanc
  e-abuse.htm
•  
• http//clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscrip
  ts/256.php
• http//current.com/1ndce4c
•  
• http//christianmusic.about.com/od/editorial1/a/ly
  ricsstudy08.htm
• http//www.statemaster.com/red/graph/hea_alc_con_b
  in_dri-health-alcohol-consumption-binge-drinkersb
  _map1
•  
• http//www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/TobaccoUse/Smoking/S
  tateInfo-large.html
• Ben Marsh, A Rose-Colored Map Harpers, July
  1977, 80.
•  
• http//www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/TobaccoUse/Smoking/S
  tateInfo-large.html
•  
• http//www.thestate.com/2010/02/09/1147170/country
  -musics-love-affair-with.html
•  

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References continued...

• Jazz
•  
• http//www.jstor.org/stable/799451
• http//www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,8
  26388,00.html
• http//www.austinchronicle.com/music/2007-05-25/47
  7944/
• http//everything2.com/title/Heroinandjazz
• http//www.ukcia.org/potculture/30/louis.html
• http//www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/marijuana.html
• http//www.cannabisculture.com/v2/articles/3434.ht
  ml
• http//www.neurosoup.com/schedule1/heroinpharmacol
  ogy.htm

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References continued...

• Electronic
• http//ema.wsu.edu/?qnode/13definition
• http//www.mdma.net/therapy/method.html 
• http//www.fantazia.org.uk/Scene/timeline.htm
•  
• http//www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugculture/d
  rugstrade/thehistoryofrave
•  
• http//image.tradevv.com/2010/04/05/joeysilva/plan
  t/2010045052323.jpg?size600
•  
• http//www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Amphetamin
  e.jpg
• http//www.eyepod.org/sitebuilder/images/lsd3_1_-3
  56x373.jpg
•  
• http//www.mdma.net/therapy/method.html
•  
•