Internet2 Architecture

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Internet2 Architecture (GigaPoP) Team
4 Claudette Morris Mary Manfredi O. Satty Joshua
(Co-project Leader) John Galatti (Co-project
Leader) Mauro Cruz
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Internet2 Architecture (GigaPoP)

• Acronyms and definitions
• What is Internet2?
• Primary goals of Internet2
• Key Qualities of Internet2
• How did it originate?
• Components of Internet2
• Principles in Internet2 deliberation
• Internet2 Architecture - GigaPoPs
• Some Internet2 Applications
• Advantages of Internet2
• Internet2 Consortium
• Conclusions

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Acronyms and definitions

• GigaPoP gigabit capacity point of presence
• Abilene a high speed backbone network for
  Internet2 developed by UCAID, named after the
  American West operates at 2.4 Gbps (OC-48)
• vBNS very high-speed Backbone Network Services
  developed by NFS and MCI and interconnects
  several supercomputer center at 622 Mbps (OC-12)
• UCAID University Corporation for Advanced
  Internet Development.
• NSF National Science Foundation
• Tele-immersion a video-conferencing and data
  sharing environment.
• NGI Next Generation Internet
• QoS Quality of Service

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What is Internet2

• A high-speed network for government, academic and
  research use administered by UCAID
• A consortium being led by over 180 United States
  universities working in partnership with industry
  and government.
• Accelerating the creation of tomorrow's Internet.
  
• Recreating the partnership among academia,
  industry and government that fostered todays
  Internet in its infancy.

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The primary goals of Internet2

• To develop and deploy advanced network
  applications and technologies
• To create a leading edge network capability for
  the national research community
• To ensure the rapid transfer of new network
  services and applications to a broader Internet
  community
• To foster the growth of digital libraries,
  tele-immersion and virtual laboratories
• To provide higher bandwidth multicasting and
  guaranteed delivery and performance

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Key Qualities of Internet2

• Providing data rates in the gigabits
• Maintaining a flexible infrastructure to work
  with current requirements
• Maintaining compatibility with current internet
• Uses IPv6 and thereby incorporating native
  multi-casting, high reliability and high capacity
  
• Allows high bandwidth applications to coexist
  with each other simultaneously
• Provide advanced services through the same
  high-capacity local connection circuit.

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How it Originated The NC GigaPoP

• It started with members of the a academic,
  research, and business community in North
  Carolina Research Triangle Park (RTP).
• They worked to create a high-performance regional
  network as partners in the North Carolina Network
  Initiative (NCNI).
• They built a network that served as a PoP to
  handle multigigabit traffic to be delivered by
  the next-generation Internet within the sites at
  NC State, UNC, Duke and MCNC and link with North
  Carolina Supercomputing Center.
• The name GigaPoP was derived from this venture
  like a great railway junction, a central
  distribution point for the movement of digital
  freight.
• This effort was supported by the California
  Research and Education Network 2 (Calren2), the
  Houston Area Computational Science Consortium
  (HACSC), the Metropolitan Research Network (MREN)
  serving Chicago area, and the New York State
  Educational and Research Network (Nysernet).
• This effort was extended with the help of NFS,
  NGI and corporations, and in October 1996
  Internet2 was formally announced by 34
  universities.

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Sample NC Universities GigaPoPs

• .

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Sample NC Universities GigaPoPs

• GigaPoP network consists of an OC-48 SONET ring,
  a SONET add/drop mux (ADM) connected to an ATM
  core switches on an OC-12 link, with an OC-3c and
  DS-3 ATM edge connections, and an IP routers.
• The North Carolina gigaPoP connects local
  universities and research centers to the
  Internet2 backbone network.
• This high-performance backbone network is built
  under the U.S. governments Next Generation
  Internet Initiative. The gigaPoP accesses to the
  Abilene network being constructed as part of
  UCAID for Internet2 project.
• Access to the Abilene Network will occur through
  the North Carolina State University campus at
  Centennial center.

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Principles in Internet2 Deliberations

• Buy rather than build employ currently
  available technology.
• Open rather than closed rely on open, published
  protocols and standards.
• Redundancy rather than reliance avoid long-term
  dependence on single network providers, single
  hardware or software manufacturers or single
  pathways
• Basics before complexity focus on specific
  need, current or anticipated
• Production not experimentation support for the
  development of advanced applications not an
  experimentation lab.
• Services to end users, not among commercial
  providers.

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Components of Internet2

• Internet2 has four major technical components
• Applications that require Internet2-level
  services outlined by the Application Working
  Group (see solid-colored screens)
• Campus networks connecting gigaPoPs to end users
  in their labs, classrooms, or offices (see solid
  clouds)
• GigaPoPs consolidating and managing traffic from
  campus networks (Striped clouds)
• Internet2 interconnections among the gigaPoPs
  (dotted clouds)

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Internet2 Architecture (GigaPoP)

• Key architectural element is a connectivity cloud
  based on GigaPoP concept.
• A single interconnection service among gigaPoPs
  utilizing NFS-sponsored vBNS.
• Interconnection that supports differentiated
  Quality of Service among gigaPoPs.
• Provides campuses the ability to acquire services
  from the widest variety of ISPs.
• Campuses in a geographic region can interconnect
  at a regional gigaPoP.
• Each campus can install high-speed circuit to its
  chosen gigaPoP through which they will gain
  access to community internet services as well as
  Internet2 services.
• GigaPoPs manage connectivity among themselves

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Intra-Campus and Campus-to- GigaPoP

• .

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GigaPoP Structure Services

• A gigaPoP is a regional network interconnect
  point providing access to the inter-gigaPoP
  network.
• A gigaPoP is a secure and environmentally
  conditioned location that houses a collection of
  communications equipment and support hardware.
• Circuits are terminated between gigaPoPs and
  members networks and from wide area networks.
• Internet2 Members networks are non-transit
  networks.
• GigaPoPs key function is the exchange of
  Internet2 traffic with specified bandwidth and
  QoS attributes.
• A gigaPoP must not route non-Internet2 traffic
  over Internet2 inter-gigaPoP connections.

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GigaPoP Structure Services

• There are two types of gigaPoPs
• Type 1 gigaPoP serve only Internet2 members.
• Routes traffic through one or two connections to
  another gigaPoP.
• Simple internet routing and firewalling among
  gigaPoPs
• Type 2 gigaPoP serves both Internet2 members and
  other networks which Internet2 members need
  access
• Has a rich set of connections to other gigaPoPs
  and therefore must provide mechanism to route
  traffic correctly.

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Some Internet2 Applications

• High Performance Networking Applications
• Geology Explorer a multi-user educational game
  that teaches concepts and principles of physical
  geology.
• Health Sciences (Medical Informatics) - a broad
  field of spanning electronic medical records,
  telemedicine, information retrieval, image
  processing and analysis, bioinformatics and
  evaluation methodology.
• Tele-immersion- the use of computers to track the
  presence and movement of individuals and images,
  and projected in realistic multiple
  geographically distributed environments.
• Virtual Laboratory - an Application Environment
  for computational Science and Engineering.
• Digital Libraries and Information Access and
  Distribution
• LearningWare and the Instructional management
  System

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Internet2s ATM/IP Switching Element
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Internet2s ATM/IP Switching Element

• External connections to gigaPoP ATM Switching
  element may be direct SONET circuits from campus
  ATM Switches or a full ATM service from
  commercial carriers.
• ATM Switching Element multiplexes the link level
  bandwidth through permanent or switched virtual
  circuits.
• Intra/inter-gigaPoP connectivity can be optimized
  and separate bandwidth allocated to other or
  special purpose requirements.
• Primary gigaPoP service is provided by the IP
  Routing Elements.
• They are fed directly from external SONET/PPP or
  high speed synchronous circuits via PVC/SVC
  links.
• All QoS support and IP routing decisions are made
  in the IP forwarding equipment.
• The IP forwarding equipment makes use of the ATM
  layer to establish dynamic QoS or SVCs to support
  differentiated IP service requirements.

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Security Concerns for Internet2

• The Following are the initial security concerns
  for Internet2
• Network System attacks
• attacks on the network infrastructure itself
  with intent to degrade
• Unauthorized use of the network
• methods and infrastructure for performing
  authentication and authorization must be secured
  against attacks
• Inappropriate use of the network .

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Some Internet2 GigaPoP Sites
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Advantages of Internet2

• GigaPoP architecture will enrich teaching,
  learning, collaboration and research activities
  within and across colleges and universities.
• High capacity and selectable QoS for leading-edge
  research community, national Labs, computational
  facilities and large data repositories.
• Selectable QoS and efficient one-to-many data
  transport for distance learning.
• Provides medical researchers support for remote
  consultation and diagnoses over a reliable and
  predictable communication services.
• Provides physical scientists access to massive
  and astronomical or geographical datasets.

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Some Consortium Members

• Arizona State University
• Columbia University
• Cornell University
• Duke University
• North Carolina State University
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT
• Princeton University
• New Jersey Institute of Technology - NJIT
• ATT, 3COM, CISCO, NORTEL, IBM, SUN Microsystems

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Conclusions

• Internet2 applications requires next-generation
  network services on an end-to-end basis.
• Hence, significant upgrades needed to most campus
  networks
• Internet2 members are responsible for bringing
  their campus networks up to Internet2 standards.
• Internet2 must encourage the development of
  advanced real-time multimedia applications.
• Internet2 is standards-based but pre-competitive
  production network
• Use of off-the-shelf technology wherever possible
  .
• Costs for inter-gigaPoP connectivity are not yet
  known
• Other gigaPoP costs will vary with circumstances
  and services offered.