4G Wireless Networks

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4G Wireless Networks
KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND
MINERALSElectrical Engineering DepartmentSecond
Semester (052)
EE 400 Telecommunication Networking
Instructor Dr. M. A. Al-Andalousi
Prepared by Muhammad Al-Sadah Hussain Al-Mohammad
Ali
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Outline

• Introduction
• What is 4G?
• What's New in 4G?
• 3G vs. 4G
• 4G Network Features
• How 4G works
• Challenges
• Summary

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What is 4G?

• A wireless access technology and is the successor
  of 3G.
• Called "3G and Beyond".
• Enables seamless roaming between technologies.
• Plans on releasing the first commercial network
  in 2010.
• NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at
  100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while
  stationary.

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What's New in 4G?

• Entirely packet-switched networks.
• All network elements are digital.
• Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services
  at lower cost (up to 100Mbps).
• Tight network security.

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Features of 4G Networks

• 4G networks are all-IP (Internet Protocol) based
  heterogeneous networks
• This will allow users to
• Select any system at any time and any where
• Use Multiple systems at the same time (e.g. GPS
  and WLANs and CDMA)
• A wide range of applications using only one 4G
  integrated terminal

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Features of 4G Networks (cont.)

• Support interactive multimedia services
  teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.
• Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.
• Global mobility and service portability.
• Low cost.
• Scalability of mobile networks (gt10 times the
  capacity of 3G).

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3G vs. 4G
From www.mobileinfo.com
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How 4G works (working principle)

• The IP address is based on IPv6.
• IPv4 X . X . X . X (32 bits)
• example 216.37.129.9
• IPv6 4 IPv4 (128 bits)
• example
• 216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 ,
  192.168.5.120

local network address
home address
care-of address
mobile IP address
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IPv4 vs. IPv6
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The 4G mobile network(s)
HAPS
Satellite
Wireline or Wireless Networks (Internet)
GSM
Bluetooth
Care-of Add.
Mobile IP Add.
WLAN
UMTS
ADSL
Home Add.
Care-of Add.
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4G Systems Challenges

• To migrate current systems to 4G with the
  features mentioned previously, researchers are
  facing a number of challenges
• These challenges are grouped into the following
  different aspects
• Accessing Different Networks
• Multimode Devices
• Overlay Network
• Terminal Mobility
• Location Management
• Handoff Management

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4G Wireless Networks ChallengesFirst Challenge
Accessing Different Networks

• One of the most challenging problems facing
  deployment of 4G technology is how to access
  several and different mobile and wireless
  networks
• There are two possible architectures
• Multimode Devices
• Overlay Network

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First Challenge Accessing Different Networks1.
Multimode Devices Architecture

• A single physical terminal with multiple
  interfaces to access the different wireless
  networks
• Advantages
• Improve call completion
• Expand coverage area
• Reliable coverage in case of network, link or
  switch failure
• Disadvantages
• Complexity in the hardware of the device
• Handoff Mechanism
• Performed by the user, device or network

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Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)
To reduce the complexity of the hardware in the
device the most promising technology is to adapt
the software radio approach
bandpass filter
reprogrammable Baseband DSP
Analog/digital converter
Low noise amplifier
User
BPF
ADC
LNA
Analogue
Digital
An ideal software radio system
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Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)
Challenges in software radio technology

• High number of antennas Still It is impossible
  to have just one antenna and one LNA to cover the
  bands of all 4G wireless networks
• The low speed of ADCs. the speed of the fastest
  current ADC is still two to three times slower
  than required

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First Challenge Accessing Different Networks2.
Overlay Network Architecture

• A user accesses an overlay network consisting of
  several UAPs
• UAPs Functions
• Select a wireless network based on availability
  and user choices
• Store IPs of user, network and devices
• Advantages
• Simplify hardware of device
• Supports single billing
• Disadvantages
• More network devices
• Handoff Mechanism between UAPs
• Performed by overlay network rather than the
  user or device

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4G Wireless Networks ChallengesSecond Challenge
Terminal Mobility

• In order to provide wireless services at any time
  and anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G
  infrastructure
• Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roam
  across geographical boundaries of the wireless
  networks
• There are two main issues in terminal mobility
• location management
• handoff management

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Second Challenge Terminal Mobility 1. Location
Management

• The system tracks and locates a mobile terminal
  for possible connection
• Location management involves handing all the
  information about
• Roaming terminals such as original and current
  location cells
• Authentication information
• QoS capabilities

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Second Challenge Terminal Mobility2. Handoff
Management

• Maintain ongoing communication when the
  terminal roams
• IP changes during handoff

IPv6 within the same cell
216.37.129.9,
79.23.178.229,
65.198.2.10,
192.168.5.120
local network address
home address
care-of address
mobile IP address
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Second Challenge Terminal Mobility2. Handoff
Management
IPv6 when the terminal roams to another cell
79.23.178.229,
65.198.2.10,
192.168.5.120
216.37.129.9,
local network address
home address
care-of address
mobile IP address
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Handoff Management (cont.)
Handoff Management Challenges

• Horizontal handoff is performed when the
  terminal moves from one cell to another within
  the same wireless system.
• Vertical handoff is performed when the terminal
  moves between two different wireless systems
  (e.g., from WLAN to GSM) .

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Challenges in Handoff Management

• Vertical Horizontal handoff will increase
• System load (increasing control packets)
• Packet losses
• Handover latency
• Hard correct handoff time because measuring
  handoffs is done among different wireless systems

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Summary

• The key concept behind 4G systems is integrating
  their capacities with all of the existing mobile
  technologies through advanced technologies
• The IP address system used in 4G is based on the
  new technology IPv6.
• 4G networks is still in the development stage,
  and in order to utilize their new features too
  many challenges must be overcome

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References

• Upkar Varshney and Radhika Jain, Issues in
  Emerging 4G Wireless Networks, Georgia State
  Jain, Issues in Emerging 4G Wireless Networks,
  Georgia State University. Availablehttp//www.ee.
  oulu.fi/skidi/teaching/mobile_and_ubiquitous_mult
  imedia_2002/issues_in_emerging_4G_wireless_network
  s.pdf
• Erik Fledderus, Bingulac, Broadband Radio a
  vision on 4G, KPN Research, The Netherlands.
  Available http//www.brabantbreedband.nl/publicat
  ions/URSI-GA200220ER20Fledderus.pdf
• Ibrahim,Jawad 4G Features, Bechtel
  Telecommunications Technical Journal (Vol.1
  No.1), Dec. 2002
• Yu Hui, Suk and Kai Hau Yeung, City University of
  Hong Kong Challenges in the Migration to 4G
  Mobile Systems. Available http//ieeexplore.ieee.
  org/iel5/35/28028/01252799.pdf
• Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
  http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

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References (cont.)

• Z. Theodore, Migration toward 4G Wireless
  Communications, IEEE Wireless Communication,
  June. 2004
• U. Narumi, O. Toru, and M. Tatsuro Overview of
  Fourth-generation Mobile Communication System,
  NTT Technical Review (Vol.2 No.0), Sep. 2004