Wireless Industrial Ethernet

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Wireless IndustrialEthernet
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Topics

• Introduction to Wireless Technology
• RF Signal Calculations Propagation Basics
• Security
• Wireless Network Planning
• Selecting Antennas Cables
• Configuring Implementing Wireless Networks
• Applications
• ProSoft RadioLinx Solutions
• Demonstration

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Introduction to WirelessTechnology
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Benefits of Industrial Wireless

• Events triggering increasing adoption of
  industrial wireless technology
• Faster, more reliable industrial wireless
  products with better industrial protocol support
• Growth of industrial Ethernet with mirrored
  improvements for wireless industrial Ethernet
• Now wireless needs in industry can be reliably
  met
• Need to cost effectively connect to more devices
• Moving device connectivity needs
• Remote device connectivity needs
• Need to increase engineer / operator connectivity

5
Unlicensed 2.4 GHz Sales Points vs. Substitutes
to Wireless - 1

• Copper cables serial or Ethernet
• Initial cost time to install labor
  materials
• Lifetime cost if equipment is moved periodically
  difficult to troubleshoot faulty wires jammed
  in conduit
• Issues with electromagnetic interference big
  antennas
• Not a good option to tether communications cable
  to moving vehicle
• Automated Guided Vehicle
• Stacker / reclaimer
• Crane or trolley
• Cat 5E Ethernet cable distance limitations ( 300
  meters)
• High cost and distance limitations of the
  specialized protocols such as Profibus
• In general, longer distances, more difficult
  environment and moving devices will make wireless
  the most cost effective solution

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Unlicensed 2.4 GHz Sales Points vs. Substitutes
to Wireless - 2

• Slip rings
• Data rate limitations
• Noisy, communication failures
• Examples liquid filling machines , oil
  drilling, rotary injection molding, blow molding
• Fiber optics
• Solves most copper cable issues such as EMI
• But still fixed, and can be damaged
• Speed requirements may make fiber the only option
• Leased lines / modems
• Expensive can take months to install if does
  not exist
• Modems susceptible to lightning strikes
• Ongoing monthly fees
• End user does not control system
• Do nothing always an option
• Not cost effective return on investment not
  there
• No technology fit

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Wireless A Money Saving Solution
Wireless cost savings increase with distance
number of nodes
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Wireless for Hazardous Locations

• Wiring costs increase for tougher environments
• Reduced operator costs
• Clean rooms too!
• UL Class I Div 2 approved radios

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Basic Radio Types

• Analog vs. Digital
• Some video / voice use analog
• Spread spectrum radios such as RadioLinx are
  digital
• Receiver
• Receives signal does not intentionally transmit
  a signal
• Like FM or XM music receiver
• Transmitter
• Transmits signal only
• Generally lower cost part of a radio
• Separate transmitter / receiver systems
• Communication is single direction
• No acknowledgements
• Common for telemetry of a analog or digital
  signal
• Low cost transmitters on remotes, fewer receivers
• Transceiver (RadioLinx)
• Single radio sends and receives signals
• Receiver can ack or request to resend message

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Wireless Ethernet Organizations

• IEEE WLAN Working Groups
• http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/
• WECA www.weca.net
• Wi-Fi Alliance www.wi-fi.org
• WLANA www.wlana.com
• Bluetooth www.bluetooth.org
• HiperLAN http//www.etsi.org/frameset/home.htm?/te
  chnicalactiv/Hiperlan/hiperlan1.htm

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Industrial Ethernet Protocols Considerations

• Commonality at the media level but unique
  standards have implications for wireless
• Expected latency / data rates
• Packets per second / multicasts
• Determinism / real-time
• 10/100 Ethernet port on radio does not guarantee
  RF data rate is sufficient
• Modbus TCP/IP
• Essentially encapsulated Modbus
• RF bandwidth requirement may be lower due to
  usual 9.6 or 19.2 kbit/s serial Modbus
• Higher at Info level replacing 1 Mbit/s Modbus
  Plus
• Foundation Fieldbus HSE, EtherNet IP, PROFInet

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Introduction to Spread Spectrum

• Spread spectrum a class of modulation
  techniques that spreads a signals power over a
  wider band of frequencies than is necessary for
  the information being transmitted
• Benefits of spreading the signal
• signal is immune to unwanted noise / interference
• coding and decoding allow simultaneous
  transmission of multiple signals within the same
  frequency band
• provides inherent data encryption / security

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Spread Spectrum Introduction - 2

• Two main classes
• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
• New modulation technique for higher data rates
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
• 802.11g and 802.11a

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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
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Spread Spectrum vs. Narrow Band

• Wide bandwidth of spread spectrum make more
  immune to interference vs. narrow band signal
  shown in the center of the graph

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IEEE Standards Soup

• IEEE 802.3 specifies wired connection between
  radios and devices
• IEEE 802.11 specifies an over-the-air interface
  between a wireless LAN client and a base station
  or between two wireless LAN clients.

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802.11x WLAN S-p-e-l-l-e-d Out

• 802.11
• 1 or 2 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band
• frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or
  direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
• 802.11b
• 11 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band
• Only DSSS
• Vendor access points not compatible
• Wi-Fi
• Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA)
  certification for 802.11b devices

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802.11x WLAN S-p-e-l-l-e-d Out - 2

• 802.11a
• Up to 54 Mbps in the 5GHz U-NII band
• 300 MHz bandwidth indoor, OFDM
• Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
• 50m range at 11 Mbps
• Wi-Fi5
• Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA)
  certification for 802.11a devices
• 802.11g
• 54 Mbps speed extension of 802.11b in the 2.4 GHz
  band with OFDM
• Backward compatible with 802.11b for lt11 Mbps

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802.11x WLAN S-p-e-l-l-e-d Out - 3

• 802.11i
• Security Enhancements to 802.11
• Encryption Authentication
• TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol interim
  solution
• AES Advanced Encryption Algorithm new
  hardware
• 802.1x Authentication Framework included in
  802.11i
• Authentication protocol (EAP-TTLS, LEAP)
• Dynamic encryption key distribution method
• Supported in Windows XP

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802.11x WLAN S-p-e-l-l-e-d Out - 4

• 802.11f Draft
• Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)
• Increased access point interoperability
• 802.11e
• WLAN Quality of Service (QoS) draft
• A/V capability for consumer devices need to
  handle at least three simultaneous DVD rate
  MPEG-2 channels, or one HDTV rate MPEG-2 channel,
  with a quality that passes the super bowl test,
  over 802.11a
• Managed QoS for corporate networks provide
  prioritization that integrates with network
  management infrastructures
• Backward compatible with 802.11
• 802.11h
• Spectrum Managed 802.11a
• Meet European regulatory requirements

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802.11b Wireless LAN

• 2.4 GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
• Channels
• 11 US, Canada
• 13 Europe
• 14 Japan
• Data rates 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps (auto)
• Access points, clients, bridges
• Other notes
• Vendor APs do not generally communicate
• 802.11b and 802.11g will communicate
• 802.11a will not communicate with 802.11b/g

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802.11b Channels
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802.11 Access Points, Bridges and Clients
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Short Range Devices

• 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
  Working Group
• 802.15.1 Bluetooth
• 2.4 GHz FHSS fast hopping (1600 hops/s)
• Class 3 - 1 mW 10m
• Class 2 - 2.5 mW 20m
• Class 1 - 100 mW 100m
• 720 kbits/s (less w/ Forward Error Correction
  FEC)
• Piconet 1 master / 7 slaves (Scatternet)

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Short Range Devices - 3

Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS)
Logical Link Control Sublayer

Medium Access Control Sublayer

Physical Layer
Other LLC
Draft in process or complete
Draft not defined.
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Wireless Technology Review
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Wireless Technologies Speed vs. Distance
10 kbps
1 Mbps
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
100 kbps
Satellite
Global
WWAN
100 km
Licensed, CDPD
ISM Band 915, 2400 MHz Freq. Hop Spread Spectrum
868 SRD
WMAN
10 km
GSM
4G cellular?
GPRS
802.11b WLAN
1 km
802.11a HiperLan2
WPAN
100 m
Zigbee
Bluetooth
10m
UWB
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Control Hierarchy

• Control System protocols for each layer of the
  Hierarchy incorporate different characteristics
• Wireless technology fit will also vary

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Control Hierarchy Wireless
Control Hierarchy
Data packet size
Throughput requirements
Response times
Info Layer PCs, HMI, MIS, MES
Distance / Network Size
802.11
Proprietary SS
Control Layer PLCs, Drives, I/O
Bluetooth
Zigbee
Device Layer Sensors, Actuators
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Industrial Ethernet Wired Wireless
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OSI Model Industrial Ethernet Wireless
Industrial Ethernet Layers
Wireless Ethernet Layers
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RF Signal Calculations Propagation Basics
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Radio Frequency Basics

• c ?? ? c/?
• c speed of light 3x1010 cm/s
• ? wavelength
• ? frequency in Hz (cycles / sec)
• For 2.45 GHz (center of 2.4 band)
• ? 3x1010 cm/s / 2.45x109 1/s 12.2 cm

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2.4 GHz Spread Spectrum

• 6500X the bandwidth of licensed radios
• 3X the bandwidth of 900 MHz wireless modems
• 16X or more EIRP for directional links
• No cellular / pager 900 MHz interference issues
• Standardize on one product for domestic and
  international use

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RF Gain Loss Measurements

• Measured in decibels dB
• Logarithmic ratio of powers
• 3 dB (log10 3 ) 1 2 1 or double the power
• -10 dB (log10 -10) 1 0.11 or 1/10th the
  power
• 10 dB (log10 10) 1 101 or 10 times the
  power
• 1 mW 0 dBm
• PdBm 10 log10 (PmW )
• Example 100 mW 10 log10 (100) 10x2 20 dBm
• PmW 10 (PdBm / 10)
• Example 15 dBm 10 (15/10) 10 (1.5) 32 mW

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Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)

• EIRP power actually radiated by antenna
• European radio regulations specify maximum EIRP
• EIRP transmit power of radio less transmission
  cable loss antenna gain
• Antenna gain measured in dBi power gain
  relative to an isotropic radiator ideal antenna
  transmitting in perfect sphere at 100 efficiency
• Example at right
• Convert transmit power to dBm
• 10 x log (50/10) 17 dBm
• EIRP 17 dBm 4 dB 6 dBi 19 dBm

6 dBi
4 dB
50 mW
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RF Signal Propagation Basics

• Free-space
• Basic loss calculations use free-space
• Reflected waves
• Shorter wavelength vs.. obstruction more
  attenuation
• Shorter wavelength vs. obstruction more
  reflection
• Signals arriving at different times can partially
  cancel the direct signal multipath fading
• Can install passive reflector
• alignment important

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RF Propagation Basics 2

• Diffraction
• Part of the signal bends around hilltop, but very
  weak
• Refraction (thermal fading)
• Function of temperature, pressure, water vapor
  content of atmosphere
• k-factor refractivity gradient 4/3 median in
  most places
• Precipitation effects
• 2.4 GHz single wavelength (12 cm) is gtgt than size
  of raindrop gt signal attenuation is minimal
• Rain can make surfaces of buildings / leaves more
  reflective increasing multipath fading
• Ice buildup if thick will decrease performance of
  antenna / system
• Wind
• Wind can cause antenna to turn or tower / mast to
  sway causing the aim of antennas to change and
  reducing signal strength

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Antenna Diversity - Multipath Example
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Antenna Diversity Reliable Communications

• Active antenna diversity maximizes receiver
  performance
• Reduces multi-path fading important for indoor
  applications
• Allows physical separation of antennas when
  necessary
• Simultaneous use of omni for shorter range and
  directional for longer range links
• Combine vertical and horizontal polarity for
  rotating installations

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Security
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Wireless Security

• Keep intruders out of your network
• Authenticate users
• Stop others from sniffing your data
• Data encryption proprietary or Wi-Fi Protected
  Access (WPA)
• Minimize detection of your network
• Turn off identifiers in beacon
• Appropriate coverage area
• Detect rogue access points
• Wireless network maintenance software

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WLAN Security Components

• Cipher Strength
• RC4 40 or 128 bit
• Advanced Encryption System (AES)
• 128 bit Block cipher vs. RC4 stream cipher
• Authentication
• Open
• 802.1x Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
• Pre-shared key
• Remote Access Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)
  authenticates

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802.11 Wireless SecurityData Encryption 1

• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
• RC4 based 40/128/256 bit keys
• Key scheduling algorithm weaknesses
• Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
• Temporal Key Integrity Protocol - TKIP
• Message Integrity Checking (MIC)
• Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) / RADIUS
• Authentication, authorization accounting system

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802.11 Wireless SecurityData Encryption 2

• AES (Advanced Encryption System)
• 802.11i new hardware
• Symmetric 128 bit block data encryption
• Other Steps
• 802.11 remove SSID from beacon
• MAC ID white list
• Must Enable to Be Effective

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Temporal Key Integrity
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RADIUS Authentication
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Wireless Network Planning
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Wireless Network Planning Overview
What questions should I ask to qualify the
application?
How can I predict link performance? How do I test
it?
Which antenna cables?
How high do the antennas need to be installed to
clear this hill?
Which antennas? Whats a dBi?
What about interference?
Where can / should the antenna go?
How do I get terrain data?
X kilometers
Can this distance be covered?
What is meant by line of sight and why is the
Fresnel Zone important
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Throughput and latency considerations

• Throughput
• bits of data x frequency sent
• Add I/Os, PLC messaging, etc.
• Repeater / master must be able to handle sum of
  remotes
• Radio technology must fit or slow update rate /
  report by exception
• Similar analysis to specifying PLCs
• Throughput will determine update rate
• Seconds to poll vs. hours

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Throughput and latency considerations - 2

• RadioLinx RLX-FH series latency information
• RLX-FH transmits 144 bytes per packet
• RLX-FHS 12.5 to 25 msec per packet per hop with
  no retries and RLX low latency mode on
• RLX-FHS without low latency mode speed size
  of serial data message to radio will be the
  limiting factor
• RLX-FHE - 60 to 80 msec per packet 12.5 msec
  per hop
• White paper available with very detailed
  calculations above are for estimation purposes

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Signal Propagation Ranges
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Radio coverage area
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Radio path diagram including Fresnel zone

• In above D in miles, F in GHz for H1 H2 in feet
• For metric
• Example 5 km link at 2.45 GHz (center
  frequency)
• H1 10.2 x (5/42.4)0.5 7.3 meters
• Typically 20 to 40 blockage of Fresnel zone is
  ok
• H1 0.67.3 4.4 meters

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Calculating System Link Budget Fade Margin
12 dBm
-4 dBm
10 dBi
-114 dBm
12 dBi
-4 dBm
-96 dBm
RLX Tx Pwr
Tx Line Loss
Tx Ant Gain
Path Loss
Rx Ant Gain
Tx Line Loss
RLX Rx Min
12 dBm
8 dBm
18 dBm
-96 dBm
-84 dBm
-88 dBm
8 dBm Fade Margin

• Free space path loss (dBm) PL 92.4 20 log
  (f) 20 log (d)
• f frequency in GHz
• d distance in kilometers
• For 5 km link
• PL 92.4 20 log10 (2.4) 20 log10 (5)
  114 dB
• Rule of thumb PL is inversely proportional to
  square of
• distance or power is ¼ (6 dB less) at 2x the
  distance
• Fade margin Power of signal arriving at
  receiver less receiver threshold
• In example -88 dBm (-96 dBm) 8 dBm
  lower than 10 dB goal

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Radio Network ArchitecturesPoint-to-Point

• Point-to-point, stationary network easiest to
  design
• Use directional antennas on both sides
• Maximize signal strength
• Minimize noise pickup
• Must have line-of-sight between points
• .but plan ahead if network will be expanded in
  the future
• If Site A will be hub for additional sites, may
  need an omni or sector antenna
• With less directional antennas, low noise at Site
  A test
• Can Site A see the future sites or need
  additional height
• Plan for bandwidth too can radio at Site A
  handle 100s of remotes?

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Radio Network ArchitecturesPoint-to-Multipoint

• Hub site can be omni-directional or sectorized
  with multiple directional antennas e.g. like
  slice of pie
• Use sectors when more bandwidth is needed
• Each sector antenna attached to radio on
  different hopping pattern or different 802.11b
  channel
• Line-of-site more important site survey

Sector 1 (Ch. 1)
Coverage Ares
Sector 1 (Ch. 11)
Sector 2 (Ch. 6)
Coverage Area
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Radio Network ArchitecturesCellular
Cellular Hub
H
Wireless / wired backbone links

• Uses of cellular architectures
• Expand geographic coverage area e.g. multiple
  tank farms, surface mining pits, buildings
• Increase network capacity
• Allow roaming between coverage areas (vs. roaming
  within coverage area)
• Point-to-point high speed backbone links

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Use of Wireless Repeaters

• Use repeaters to
• Extend range of the wireless network
• Avoid obstacles
• For RadioLinx RLX-FH series
• Use of repeater reduces bandwidth by factor of
  two - but does not decrease more for additional
  repeaters
• For some radios bandwidth reduced by 1/
  repeaters

Repeater on top of hill or on one side to
go Around the hill
Link too long for Repeater on top of hill
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Information required to design wireless network
and select accessories

• Minimum information required to generate quote
  for all but the simplest systems
• Number of sites today and planned
• Location of sites if indoor / outdoor
• Drawing of building with scale and site locations
  and structure information
• GPS coordinates or location on a drawing /
  topographic map with distances between sites to
  link
• If device will move show track / area where
  link is required
• Structures where antennas can be placed and any
  rules on antenna structures (e.g. luxury living
  areas)
• Protocol of devices to connect
• Which devices need to communicate
• Data throughput requirements for each node
• Country radios will be installed
• Any other radio systems in-use if known

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Methods to collect application information

• Verbal or electronic description of application
  from customer
• Electronic drawings of buildings
• Topographic maps showing site location and any
  obstructions or Topo USA type program
• Electronic path study using digital elevation
  data and GPS coordinates of sites
• Site review visit site and physically inspect
  links
• If very clear line of sight should not be an
  issue
• High power strobe light for longer links - but
  visual LOS only
• Test with RLX IF using same antennas and antenna
  locations
• Complete site survey including RF noise analysis
  at key points

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Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 802.11 Analyzers
63
In-Building Site Survey

• Building drawings
• Construction materials
• Metal interior walls?
• Ceiling height
• Equipment / product information
• Coverage required
• Fixed vs. mobile
• If mobile where?
• Existing wireless infrastructure
• Type / channels
• Conduct site survey walking plant and taking
  measurements

Signal-to-noise measurements with Ekahau Site
Survey Tool
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Topographical Maps
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Outdoor Computerized Path Studies

• GPS coordinates
• Digital terrain data
• Paths feasible?
• Antenna height
• Repeaters? Location
• Performance prediction

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Example Wireless Outdoor Path
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Site Survey The Real World

• Shoot and scoot
• For less involved / shorter range installations
• Bring radios, equipment and test links if look
  good, finalize install
• Formal site survey
• Identification of all potential interference
• Environment radio spectrum analysis
• Collection of site data for each potential site
• Geographical coordinates including elevation
• Access roads, building code restrictions /
  solutions
• Installation considerations site preparation /
  building access, etc.
• Nearby towers / structures for repeaters access
  / rent
• Power availability
• Corroborate path study data with actual field
  measurements
• Signal strength, throughput statistics, etc.
• Identify man-made / tree height obstacles not
  evident from USGS data

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Selecting Antennas Cables
69
Accessories Affect System Performance
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Antennas The Basics

• Antennas transform electromagnetic signals from
  transmission lines into electromagnetic waves (
  vice-versa)
• Antennas (most) are passive focus radio energy
  not amplify it
• Antennas work equally well transmitting or
  receiving RF energy
• Electromagnetic waves from antennas have an E
  field and H field components
• Polarization describes the orientation of the
  antennas electric field

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Antennas Characteristics - 1

• Frequency bandwidth select antennas for 2.4 GHz
• Polarization
• Orientation of the RF energy
• Vertical most common
• Less affected by horizontal reflections (water /
  land)
• Horizontal
• Less affected by vertical reflections (buildings)

72
Antenna Characteristics - 2

• Vertical Directivity
• Beam width, lobes nulls
• Beam width defined as degrees from the 3 dB
  points
• Higher gain less 3 dB beam width
• Horizontal Directivity
• Omni directional vs. directional
• Effective Power Gain dBi

73
Antenna Vertical / Horizontal Beam width
74
Antenna Lobes / Nulls
75
Antenna Patterns

• Example Vertically Polarized Omnidirectional
  Antenna

Single Dipole
Elevation Patterns
Azimuth Patterns
Four Stacked Dipoles
76
Antenna Beam width

• Half power (3 dB) beamwidth is the angle between
  the two points on the main beam where the
  radiation intensity is down to half the maximum
  value
• When designing point-to-multipoint systems, it is
  very important that all remote locations fall
  with the 3 dB beamwidths of the central station
  antenna, both in azimuth and in elevation

77
High Quality, Low RF Loss Cables

• Remote antenna placement requires lower loss RF
  cable to maintain system gain
• Cable should be 50 ohm for RadioLinx impedance
  matching
• Quality connectors, weather proofing, lightning
  protection
• PoE and placing radio by antenna

78
Connector types

• Common types
• N-type
• SMA
• TNC
• BNC
• MMCX (PC card)
• Matching connector types
• Jack threads on outside
• Plug threads on inside
• So a jack will connect to a plug (if polarity
  matches)
• Polarity
• Standard polarity plug has inner conductor pin
• Reverse polarity jack has the inner conductor
  pin

79
Lightning protection

• Use for all outdoor applications to protect radio
  and devices
• Examples where replaced LP but not radio
• Does not help for direct lightning strike
• Types
• Gas discharge tube
• Replace over time
• Replace after strike
• Works w/ DC injection
• Band-pass filter
• Multi-strike
• No service
• Does not allow DC injection
• Insertion loss 0.1 dB
• Must select for correct frequency
• Select for installation type

80
Power dividers

• Use a power divider (splitter / tap)
• Antenna diversity if not supported
• Sectoral antennas
• Drop multiple antennas off one cable run 3 dB
  loss per drop

81
RF Amplifiers

• Used to amplify transmitted signal to make up for
  cable loss or to use lower gain antenna with more
  transmit power
• On receive side only makes up for cable loss as
  noise is amplified with the signal

82
Power over Ethernet (PoE)

• Use to place radio near antenna to avoid cost and
  loss of a long antenna cable
• PoE injector at base
• Run Cat 5E Ethernet cable to 24 VDC conditioned
  power tap by radio
• Can be means to meet specifications requiring PoE
  support PoE injectors / taps not too costly

PoE Regulated Tap
83
Configuring Implementing Wireless Networks
84
Wireless Network Design Best Practices

• Install antennas as high as possible
• Avoid high gain omni-directional antennas
• Design the system with a margin
• 10 dB minimum
• 20 dB if anticipate foliage growth
• Use industrial routers in-front of wireless
  industrial Ethernet
• Prevents LAN broadcast traffic from using RF
  bandwidth

85
Wireless Network Design Best Practices - 2

• Put switch with IGMP snooping in-front of
  RadioLinx RLX-FH if multicast traffic e.g.
  industrial Ethernet I/O messaging
• After installation, test radio network before
  automation
• Verify RF performance
• Test throughput before after automation added
• Ethernet use ping or pathping (latter shows
  latency for each segment to identify bottlenecks)

86
RadioLinx Antenna Installation Notes

• Avoid attaching antenna too close to buildings,
  towers, tanks, etc. to avoid reflections
• Use side mount kits for at least 50 cm distance
• Outdoor installations should be weatherproofed
• At each cable splice
• At antenna connection
• Cable hangers / ties

87
Maintaining Wireless System Reliability

• Changing environment
• Inside the company coordinate wireless networks
  / frequency uses
• New equipment / infrastructure (metal walls)
• Joess Neighborhood WISP now on your channel
• Monitor performance for
• Performance degradation / bottlenecks
• Increasing throughput requirements
• Increase ping latency
• Re-transmit
• Monitor security

88
Wireless Network Monitoring Tools
89
Wireless Protocol Analyzer / Security Audit
Tools

• One differentiator is level of expert analysis to
  help sort through large number of packets
• WildPacket AiroPeek, CommView WiFi, Packetyzer,
  Ethereal (Linux)

90
Applications
91
Electric Distribution Automation

• RTU Communications for
• Capacitor bank control automation
• Recloser / switch control automation
• Substation monitoring

92
Plant Automation

• Slip ring communication
• Turn-tables
• Blow-molding machines
• Packaging / bottling machines
• Tablet / PDA connectivity
• PLC, HMI, ERP connectivity
• Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)
• automotive
• chemical charging carts
• Semiconductor
• Communication to forklifts in large factory
• Maintenance / monitoring

93
More applications ..

• Tank Level Monitoring / Control
• 4-20 mA output on oil tanks
• Railroad
• Rural railroad signal control - 2 DI
• Yard switch control
• Refineries / chemical plants
• Steel / metal plants

94
Quarry Dredging
95
Metals Coking Wireless Pusher Car
96
Mining - Stacker / Reclaimer

• Erie, PA, USA for coal
• Rotating stacker
• Reclaimers move on tracks
• Drawing below for
• application in S. Africa

97
Example RadioLinx Mining Installation

• Worked with customer on antenna installation to
  provide reliable communications

98
Material Handling

• Unique challenge - metal wall between PLC2
  PLC3
• Active antenna diversity repeater solution

99
ProSoft RadioLinx Solutions
100
ProSoft Technology - Profile

• Founded in 1988
• Headquartered in Bakersfield, CA
• 75 employees
• Regional offices in Europe, Latin America and
  Asia
• Products for industrial automation
  communications
• Over 400 communications modules supporting more
  than 50 industrial protocols
• In-chassis communication interface modules
• Stand-alone communication gateways
• Wireless industrial communications

101
Support Starts Here

• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
• Online Support, Powered by Primus
• Phone and Email
• Live Chat

102
RadioLinx Industrial Wireless Products

• RadioLinx FH Series
• 2.4 GHz frequency hopping spread spectrum
• Serial, Ethernet, and Ethernet w/ serial server
• Up to 115 kbits/sec at 16.5 mile range
• RadioLinx Industrial Hotspot
• 2.4 GHz direct sequence spread spectrum
• Ethernet interface / 802.11b connectivity
• 11 Mbits/sec RF data ? 4-5 Mbits/sec data
• Wireless ProLinx Communication Gateways
• Protocol gateway and wireless link in one device

103
RadioLinx Industrial Features for Industrial
Applications

• 2.4 GHz unlicensed spread spectrum
• Two antennas (diversity) for best radio
  performance
• Single unit master, remote, repeater/remote
• Industrial operating temperature range
• Rugged, small, metal enclosure, DIN rail
• 10-24 VDC and low power consumption
• Strongest data encryption for ultimate security
• CE Class I Div 2 approved
• Unlimited ProSoft Technical Support
• Three year warranty!!!

104
RadioLinx - Frequency Hopping Serial RL-2400S

• Full duplex asynchronous data rates to 115kbps
• RS-232, RS-422, multi-drop RS-485 data interface
• Integrated protocol support to assure successful
  data transfer
• Can accommodate custom and proprietary protocols
• Low latency address protocol mode
• Multiple device network

105
RadioLinx Frequency Hopping Ethernet RLX-FHE
RLX-FHES

• RLX-FHE
• Wireless switch protocol independent
• Single unit headend, repeater, remote
• Peer-to-peer communications diagnostics
• Has own IP address
• 15 mile range at 250 kbits/s
• Secure hardware based encryption
• RLX-FHES
• Ethernet Serial Data Ports
• Convert Modbus RTU to Modbus TCP/IP
• Encapsulate other serial protocols
• Single radio for both Ethernet and serial
• Migration path
• Save vs. separate serial-to-Ethernet
  converter
• Remote programming

106
RLX-IH Industrial HotspotTM

• High speed wireless industrial Ethernet
• High power ? higher speeds at longer range and /
  or few radios for coverage area
• Simultaneously
• Connects one or more Ethernet PLC, HMI, etc.
• Provides network access to PDA / laptop
• Repeats to extend range
• Great for SCADA too
• Multiple masters,
• Self-healing network and over-the-air programming
• 20 mile outdoor range
• Secure Wi-Fi Protected Access
• Over-the-air programming firmware upgrades

107
Bridging the Protocol Gap

• Serial servers
• Encapsulate serial data in Ethernet packet
• Serial port redirect software on PC
• Not suitable for device-to-PLC or PLC-to-PLC
  connections
• Protocol gateways
• Some direct protocol conversion others mapped
• Serial port redirect may not be needed
• May allow device-to-PLC or PLC-to-PLC links
• In rack or standalone
• Embedded in wireless solution

108
150 DIN-Rail Mounted Gateways
Profibus DP
Modbus Plus
RIO
EtherNet/IP
Modbus
Modbus TCP/IP
DF1
IEC 60870-5-104
ASCII
DNPSNET
Web Server
IEC 60870-5-101
IEC 60870-5-103
DE
DNP 3.0
HART
109
Demo
110
RadioLinx Industrial Hotspot Interface
111
RLX-IH Browser Topology View
112
RadioLinx Frequency Hopping Series
113
End