CODES FOR VESSELS/HEAT EXCHANGERS

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CODES FOR VESSELS/HEAT EXCHANGERS

• Avinash Nayak. (46)
• Shrikantkumar Padhy (47)
• Jitendra Patil (48)
• Manoj Patil (49)
• Ganeshprasad Pavaskar (51)

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History of pressure vessel codes

• Boiler explosion on March 20, 1905 in Brockton,
  Massachusetts.
• 58 killed and 117 injured.
• Need of legislative rules and regulation for
  construction of boilers.
• The first Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was
  published in 1915.
• Necessary changes made and new sections added as
  need arose.

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What is a Code?

• A code is a standard that has been adopted by
  one or more governmental bodies and has the force
  of law, or when it has been incorporated into a
  business contract.
• Codes specify requirements of design,
  fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure
  vessels.
• Number of national codes have been developed for
  pressure vessels by different countries.
• In India, the code for pressure vessels is
  IS-2825

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WHAT ARE ASME CODES?

• It is a standard that provides rules for the
  design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers
  and pressure.
• This establishes and maintains design,
  construction and inspection standards providing
  for maximum protection of life and property.

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ASME Codes - Manufacturer

• A manufacturer obtains permission to use one of
  the stamps through the ASME conformity assessment
  process.
• The manufacturers quality control system is
  reviewed by an ASME team.
• If it meets ASME requirements and the
  manufacturer successfully demonstrates
  implementation of the program, the manufacturer
  is accredited by ASME.
• The manufacturer then may certify the product as
  meeting ASME standards and apply the stamp to the
  product.

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Why follow ASME codes?

• Excessive elastic deformation including elastic
  instability
• Excessive plastic deformation
• Brittle fracture
• Stress rupture or creep deformation (inelastic)
• Plastic instability and incremental collapse
• High strain and low cycle fatigue
• Stress corrosion
• Corrosion fatigue

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ASME Codes - User

• ASME Publications Catalog,
• The ANSI Catalog of American National Standards,
• the US governments OSHA General Industry
  Standards,
• contact a standards organization directly.
• http//www.asme.org/catalog

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ASME Codes User

• Insurance
• Replacement
• Proper Compliance
• Size specific
• Jurisdiction
• Proper ASME stamps

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• The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
  Vessel Code is as follows
• 1. Section I Power Boilers
• 2. Section II Material Specification
• i. Ferrous Material Specifications Part A
• ii. Non-ferrous Material Specifications Part B
• iii. Specifications for Welding Rods,
  Electrodes, and Filler Metals Part C
• iv. Properties Part D
• 3. Section III Subsection NCA General
  Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2
• i. Section III Division 1
• a. Subsection NA General Requirements
• b. Subsection NB Class 1 Components

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• Subsection NC Class 2 Components
• d. Subsection ND Class 3 Components
• e. Subsection NE Class MC Components
• f. Subsection NF Component Supports
• g. Subsection NG Core Support Structures
• h. Appendices Code Case N-47 Class 1
  Components in Elevated Temperature Service
• Section III, Division 2 Codes for Concrete
  Reactor Vessel and Containment
• Section IV Rules for Construction of Heating
  Boilers
• Section V Nondestructive Examinations

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• Section VI Recommended Rules for the Care and
  Operation of
• Heating Boilers
• Section VII Recommended Guidelines for Care of
  Power Boilers
• Section VIII
• i. Division 1 Pressure Vessels Rules for
  Construction
• ii. Division 2 Pressure Vessels Alternative
  Rules
• Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications
• Section X Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure
  Vessels
• Section XI Rules for In-Service Inspection of
  Nuclear Power Plant Components

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Stamps
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Nomenclature
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Example

• A heat exchanger qualifies as a UM stamped
  pressure vessel if
• Design pressure lt 15psig
• Internal volume lt 1.5 cubic ft. for 150ltPlt600
  psig
• Internal volume lt 5 cubic ft. for design P upto
  250 psig

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Example

• A heat exchanger qualifies as a U stamped
  pressure vessel if
• Design pressure gt 600 psig
• Internal volume gt 1.5 cubic ft. for 150ltPlt600
  psig
• Internal volume gt 5 cubic ft. for design P upto
  250 psig

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Comparison of pressure vessels
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Comparison of pressure vessels
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Comparion of pressure vessels
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Explosions
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• In spite of some of the most rigorous,
  well-conceived safety rules and procedures ever
  put together, boiler and pressure vessel
  accidents continue to occur.
• In 1980, for example, the National Board of
  Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors reported
• 1972 boiler and pressure vessel accidents, 108
  injuries and 22 deaths.
• The pressure vessel explosions are of course rare
  nowadays and are often caused by incorrect
  operation or poorly monitored corrosion.

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• Safety in boiler and pressure vessels can be
  achieved by
• Proper design and construction
• Proper maintenance and inspection
• Proper operator performance and vessel operation