Operation Service Diagnosis Battery Source of Energy Reserve

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Battery

• Operation
• Service
• Diagnosis

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Battery

• Source of Energy
• Reserve while running
• Stabilizer

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Battery

• Converts chemical energy into electrical energy

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Cells

• of cells
• Cell voltage
• How cells are connected

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Chemistry

• During charging and discharging

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Charged

• Pb O2 (Pure lead peroxide)
• - Pb (Sponge lead)
• Solution H2 SO4
• Solution of Sulfuric acid water

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Discharging

• PbSO4
• - PbSO4
• Plates turn to Lead Sulfate
• Solution H2O

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• Why do batteries freeze?

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• Reversing the cycle again

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Battery Gassing

• During discharge
• During charge

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• Batteries do blow up

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Precautions

• Remove grd. term. first
• Connect grd. last
• Jumper/charger on block
• Corrosive

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Precautions

• when jumping a battery
• when using a charger
• when disconnecting a cable
• when using any flame source

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Construction
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• Positive plate
• Negative plate
• Separator
• Grid

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Conventional Battery
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Maintenance Free - pluses

• Larger plates
• Resistance to overcharging

• Longer shelf life
• Higher cold cranking rate

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Maintenance Free - faults

• Grid growth - hot
• Cant take being deep cycled

• Low reserve capacity
• Drain quick with a parasitic load
• Shorter life

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Low maintenance
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Hybrid Batteries

• Calcium in the neg. plates
• Antimony in the pos. plates
• Allows deep cycling
• Marine
• Golf carts etc..

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Recombination

• Has gel instead of liquid
• Result - no gassing
• higher cell voltage .1
• cold starting

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Terminals

• Post
• leakage
• Side Terminal
• L terminal
• specialty and import

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• Temperature
• 0 40
• Charge
• Plate area
• Impurities
• Gassing

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Causes of battery failure
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Causes of failure

• Electrolyte level
• Overcharging
• Undercharging
• Corrosion

• Cycling
• Temperature
• Vibration

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State of charge testing
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• Hydrometer
• with float
• with balls

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Open Circuit Voltage Test

• Sealed batteries
• Remove surface charge
• 12.6 fully charged
• 12.4 3/4 charged

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A battery Must be 3/4 charged before doing a
battery capacity test
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Before load testing - Check the temp.
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Before load testing you must know what the
battery is, or should be rated at
The right battery for the vehicle
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Ratings

• Ampere-hour rating
• Cold cranking rating
• Reserve capacity rating
• Watt hour rating

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Formula for load testing
Three times the ampere-hour rating
Capacity Test
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Formula for load testing
Cold cranking amps divided by 2
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Three minute charge test

• Tests for a sulfated battery
• 40 amps for three minutes
• Should be below 15.5 volts

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Battery Drain test

• or System drain test
• Ammeter in series at the battery post with
  everything off
• GM .1

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Battery leakage test

• Volt - at negative post
• Volt across battery
• under 10 volts

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Fast / Slow charging
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Battery cleaning
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That's all folks