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Alex s Definition of Agriculture Production Agriculture

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Alex s Definition of Agriculture Production Agriculture Crops Row crops, vegetables, tobacco, etc. Livestock Beef, dairy, hogs, sheep, horses, etc. Horticulture ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Alex s Definition of Agriculture Production Agriculture


1
Introduction to US Agriculture Facts Figures
2
Alexs Definition of Agriculture
  • Production Agriculture
  • Crops
  • Row crops, vegetables, tobacco, etc.
  • Livestock
  • Beef, dairy, hogs, sheep, horses, etc.
  • Horticulture
  • Nursery, greenhouse, landscape, design, etc.
  • Other
  • Timber, aquaculture, orchards, vet clinic, etc.

3
Alexs Definition of Agriculture (Cont.)
  • Agribusiness
  • Supply, transportation, processing
  • Marketing, sales, finance, consulting, etc.
  • Value-added, micro-processing, customizing, etc.
  • Agri-tainment, agri-tourism
  • USDA definition of farm
  • Greater than 1,000/yr in agricultural sales

4
Trends in US Agriculture
5
US Agriculture is Insignificant?
  • Production ag generates 0.95 of US GDP
  • Broad definition ?roughly 13 GDP
  • Adds 279 billion of value to US economy (2004)
  • 1.5 trillion of agricultural assets (2004)
  • Real estate 82 of farm assets
  • Land asset values increasing
  • 207 billion in farm debt
  • Employs 1 in 5 Americans, directly or indirectly
  • Production, processing, transportation,
    marketing, etc.

6
Current State of US Agriculture
  • 20 of farms are profitable, 80 for lifestyle
  • US Average ROA is 0.5 (2004)
  • Non-family farms 7.1
  • Family farms 4.4
  • Retirement/Lifestyle farms (1.8)
  • Increasingly smaller margins
  • Cost control is key!!
  • Foreign market expansion competition
  • Canada, Mexico, Australia imports
  • Canada, Japan, Mexico, EU exports

7
Current State of US Agriculture
  • Approx. 60 of US farms have no debt (2004)
  • Average debt/asset ratio 8.8
  • Average D/A for farms with debts 17.8
  • Higher D/A for the larger farms
  • Cash (equity) expansion
  • Paying cash rather than using debt
  • More women becoming involved
  • 11 of principal operators

8
Food Purchases
  • US consumers spent 789 billion for farm food
    (2004)
  • Farm value 156 billion
  • Marketing bill 633 billion
  • Ave. US household spends 5,781 on food in 2004
  • Roughly 2,440 per capita per year (13 of
    budget)
  • 3,347 for food at home
  • 2,434 for food away from home

9
Farm Size Numbers
  • Number of U.S. farms decreasing?
  • 1974 - 2,314,000
  • 1992 - 1,925,000
  • 2004 2,107,000
  • Average size of US farms increasing
  • 1985 - 426 acres
  • 2006 446 acres
  • Number of farms - by revenue
  • gt 250,000 7.9
  • 100,000 to 250,000 7.9
  • lt 100,000 84.7

10
Farm Size Numbers
  • lt 2 of US farms generate nearly 50
    of gross ag sales
  • Mega Farms
  • 76 of gross sales generated by lt 8 of farms
  • 80/20 rule
  • Trend towards more, but smaller, farms in VA
  • More on-farm processing, value-added operations
  • Niche marketing
  • Gentleman Farming or Retiree Farmers

11
3 Farm Types
  • Mega farms (gt 250,000 revenue)
  • Multiple families or generations
  • May be associated with corporations
  • Traditional farms (50 - 250,000 revenue)
  • Single family units
  • Traditionally high dependence on government
    payments
  • Get bigger or get out
  • Lifestyle farms (lt 50,000 revenue)
  • Off-farm income is critical
  • In it for the rural lifestyle

12
US Leading Enterprises (by Receipts)
  • Livestock 123.5 billion
  • Cattle/calves 47.2 bil
  • Dairy 27.4 bil
  • Broilers 20.4 bil
  • Hogs 14.3 bil
  • Crops 117.7 billion
  • Corn 22.1 bil
  • Vegetables 17.2 bil
  • Greens/nursery 15.6 bil
  • Soybeans 18.4 bil
  • Roughly 50 Livestock vs 50 Crops for US over
    the years

13
VA Leading Enterprises (by Receipts)
  • 68 Livestock vs 32 Crops for VA
  • Poultry eggs
  • Cattle calves
  • Dairy products
  • Greenhouse/nurseries, floriculture, sod
  • 46,800 farms (2006)
  • 70,000 operators
  • 8.5 million acres (2006)
  • 182 acres/farm (2006)

14
Virginia Agriculture
  • 23.3 billion of land buildings
  • 2.4 billion in farm debt
  • Farm Credit System
  • Commercial Banks
  • Owner Financing
  • Debt/Asset ratio 9.9
  • Skewed by hobby farms?
  • Cash expansion

15
Virginia Agriculture
  • Average age of farmer 57 yrs (2006)
  • 1 of principal operators are lt 25 yrs old
  • 23 are lt 45 yrs old
  • 50 are gt 55 yrs old
  • 2,213 Megafarms (2006 data) - 4.4
  • 3,557 Traditional farms - 7.6
  • 41,836 Lifestyle farms - 88
  • 14 of principal operators -- female

16
Virginia Agriculture
  • Ave. value of farm RE 2,850/acre
  • 2.4 billion/yr in production (2006)
  • 2.05 billion/year in expenses
  • Costs roughly 0.87 to produce 1 of ag sales
  • 503 million in Net Farm Income
  • About 10,600/farm

17
Misc. Info
  • GMOs use em or not?
  • Corn 40 of planted acreage
  • Soybeans 75
  • Cotton 73
  • Certified Organic (US)
  • 6,949 growers
  • Crops
  • Hay/Silage
  • Wheat
  • Soybeans
  • Livestock
  • Turkeys
  • Milk cows
  • Beef cows

18
Legal Organization of Farms
  • Sole proprietorships
  • Individuals or families
  • 90 of farms
  • 52 of gross sales
  • Partnerships
  • 6 of farms (and dropping)
  • 18 of gross sales
  • Corporations (C S-corps)
  • 4 of farms
  • 28 of gross sales

19
Government Payments
  • Percent of net farm income from government
    supports
  • Over 50 red zone
  • 20-50 yellow zone
  • Less than 20 green zone
  • EPA replacing USDA in importance

GovernmentPayment Twilight Zone
20
Age Wave
  • 70 land transfer in next 15 years
  • Own and rent / lease
  • Strategic alliances
  • Granny landlords - 1st wave
  • Non-farm children - 2nd wave
  • Retirement planning
  • Social Security aint gonna cut it
  • Maximum of approx. 25,000/yr from SSA
  • Consider investing 5 - 10 of net farm income
    outside of agriculture
  • Lowers taxes, free loans, lower risk exposure,
    etc.

21
Age Wave
  • 60-80 of lifetime health care cost during last 6
    months of life
  • Life expectancy after age 65
  • 1995 2001
  • Male 15.6 16.4
  • Female 18.9 19.4
  • Transition planning is critical to longevity of
    farm
  • Ownership of assets
  • Management responsibilities

22
Median Farm Household
  • Net worth 339,000
  • For non-ag self-employed 329,000
  • For non-farm 73,400
  • Living expense of 43,000 annually including
    income tax
  • Increasing by 7 annually
  • 15 to 20 hidden in farm expenses
  • Insurances, fuel, food, etc.
  • 125 to 150 greater for the older generation
  • Medical expenses, elder care, travel, leisure

23
Going Home?
  • So you want to return to the family farm, eh?
  • To generate 40,000 disposable income
  • Assuming 85 expense/receipt ratio
  • You need to generate 267,000 of GROSS income
  • How many cows is that? Acres? Orchids?
  • If you have a 20,000/yr off-farm job
  • Need to generate 133,500 of gross income per
    year!

24
Farm Household
  • 31 lack health insurance
  • Never, NEVER go without health ins.
  • Disability insurance
  • Yeah, right!!
  • Emergency savings?
  • Yeah, right!
  • Retirement investments?
  • What is the typical retirement plan?

25
Todays Agriculture
  • Requires creative thinking
  • Color outside the lines
  • Cash flow is king!!
  • Treat it like a business!!
  • Business side vs. production side?
  • Marketing will be crucial
  • Use the tools, strategic alliances
  • Technology - use it or not?
  • Nothing wrong with low-tech!

26
Todays Agriculture
  • Salary farming increases
  • Farm owner hired manager
  • Off-farm employment
  • 55 of principal operators work off the farm
  • For living income and benefits!!
  • Labor issues
  • Where will the labor come from?

27
Todays Agriculture
  • Environmental concerns!!
  • Nutrient management plans
  • Waste management (hazardous, non-)
  • Urban pressure
  • Land and resources
  • Votes (check out the electoral map)
  • Water
  • Availability and quality

28
Sources of Information
  • Statistical Abstract of the United States 2005.
    www.census.gov/statab/www
  • Virginia Agricultural Statistics
    www.nass.usda.gov/va/bulletin99.htm
  • National Agricultural Statistics Service
  • www.usda.gov/nass/
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