PowerPoint: Showing Chemistry Bigger Than Life

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PowerPoint Showing Chemistry Bigger Than Life
Samples of PowerPoint animations from various
presentations.

• By Ken Costello

Text in the scroll boxes are what I normally say
when the slide is showing.
Text in this yellow box are comments about the
animation techniques used.
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To learn the techniques, run the PowerPoint and
then stop it after each slide to examine the
Custom Animation Window. Bring up the window by
going to the SlideShow pull down menu at the top
of the screen and then choosing Custom
Animation Click on the animations listed to
see its name, the speed, how it starts, and other
properties. Click the small down arrow to the
right of the animation name to bring up Effect
Options window. To start the PowerPoint on
different slides, either click the small
projector screen icon at the bottom left or press
Shift-F5.
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Elements are the new building blocks
The animation is done with the Circle Motion Path
for single electrons and the Spin effect for
pairs of electrons. Pairs of electrons are
grouped first.
Nitrogen-7
Hydrogen
Carbon-6
The Fill effect with transparency is used for the
spherical boundaries.
Oxygen-8
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COMPOUNDS
Hydrogen
Compounds are two or more elements that share
electrons or have taken or given electrons away.
Carbon-6
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Again, the Circle Motion path is used for single
electrons, and the Spin Effect is use for pairs.
Hydrogen
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COMPOUNDS
Hydrogen
Compounds are two or more elements that share
electrons.
Carbon-6
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Here the idea of sharing electrons is presented
with electrons that are following custom motion
paths (curved type)
When electrons are shared, they dont just stay
around the element that first owned them.
Hydrogen
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Elements are the new building blocks
C
O
C
N
H
Lets build ethanol from the water and methane.
Note this isnt how ethanol is made, but you can
see the building block approach.
H
H
C
Straight line motion paths are used. Most
started as Right Paths because that was the
general direction. You can then move the end to
wherever you want.
H
H
H
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C
H
O
Hydrocarbons
Gasoline
Lipids oils fats
Diesel-12
Oil-20
O
Plastic 1000s
H
O
C
H
Hydrocarbons are simple. They are built from
only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The number
of carbon atoms determines what we use them for.
H
O
H
If we use oxygen atoms, we can make lipids.
O
C
H
H
O
H
C
O
H
H
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Lets look at ammonia and acetic acid and how the
proton from acetic acid may go to ammonia to make
ammonium ion
C
C
N
O
H
O
H
N
O
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Ammonia
Acetic acid
Vinegar
Here Im using circle motion paths and custom
motion paths (curved type).
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Amino acids are building blocks for proteins
C
C
C
N
O
S
H
O
Glycine
Alanine
H
C
C
N
O
H
acid
H
H
Amino
Glycine is the simplest of the amino acids.
Lets now make alanine.
H
Sulfur is needed for two of the essential amino
acids.
H
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Amino acids are building blocks for proteins
S
C
C
N
O
H
O
H
H
H
Glycine
Glycine
The Down motion path was used for water, then
adjusted by moving the end. Glycine came in using
the Left path.
Amino acids connect as a water molecule is
released.
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Amino acids are building blocks for proteins
C
S
N
O
H
O
20 amino acids
H
C
C
N
O
H
H
By attaching various combinations of the 5 above
atoms at this location, living things make a
total of 20 amino acids that then build all the
proteins they need.
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This is how nylon is made. A mixture of
Hexamethylene Diamine (one with green nitrogen
atoms) and Adipic acid (one with red oxygen
atoms). This synthesis happens spontaneously
with water molecules being released.
Various Up/Down/Left/Right motion paths were
used. A spin effect was used at the end.
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Chemistry changes the way you look at the world.
I found te picture of the eyes but added various
autoshape objects. They were rotated with the
Spin Emphasis effect, which was set to repeat
using the Effect Option menu.
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This effect was simple. It used the Flash bulb
Emphasis effect. However, I set it to be very
slow at 8 seconds using the Timing menu and
typing in 8.
When writers try to explain quantum chemistry
they often resort to the fantasy world of Alice
in Wonderland.
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If you choose to stay in this class
You stay in wonderland...
the rabbit hole goes.
...and I show you how deep
Here I do two effects on the text at the same
time. For example, Im using motion paths with
either a fade in zoom or a fade out. On the
original slide, I followed this animation with a
movie clip from the Matrix.
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This stick figure is made by placing carbon
monoxide molecules onto a surface using a
Scanning Tunneling Microscope. Each piece was
made with a carbon monoxide molecule, with atoms
only 0.07 nanometers across. The drawing seems
childish until you realize how small the carbon
dioxide molecules are.
You are familiar with needlepoint. By placing
small stitches on a surface, you can make designs.
Carbon monoxide man
Visualization and placement of atoms
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This animation is simple. Mostly just fade in
and fade out plus some Grow/shrink effects.
Now imagine that your hand is very large and you
are trying to place those stitches (atoms) in
that needlepoint pattern there on Earth.
Yes, from this distance we can realize how small
those stitches are. However, we have to pull
back even farther to have them the size of atoms.
Here the stitches are much larger than atoms. To
get a sense of the size of atoms, we must place
this needlepoint pattern far way.
Imagine you are going to make this snowflake
design and each stitch is an atom.
Do you now have an appreciation of how amazing it
is to place atoms into a pattern?
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ATOMS
Breaking the speed limit everywhere
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Atomic World Fast and Furious
Helium
1 mile/sec
3,000 miles per hour
Air (oxygen nitrogen)
1,000 miles per hour
7,000,000,000
collisions per second
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BIG BLUE MARBLE
When the Earth was photographed from the moon, it
was often described as the Big Blue Marble. A
marble is looked upon as beautiful but static
motionless.
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Of course we know better. From a distance, we
cant see the movement of cars, animals, people,
wind, and waterfalls. However, that doesnt mean
all this activity is not happening.
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In the original slide I show a video clip I made
that shows this motion.
This is not true. The atoms are in constant
motion and are responding to radio ways as well
as other types of light. Infrared light is
causing the molecules to vibrate. Visible light
is causing the electrons to jump to higher orbits
absorbing and emitting certain colors. Light is
also be slowed down as it interacts with the
atoms causing the light to be refracted into a
rainbow of colors.
Lets make Earth marble size
When we look at real marbles, we have the
impression they just sit there motionless.
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I created the effect that was seen on computer
screens in Matrix. Strips are flown in and are
set to repeat.
One thing Neo learned in the Matrix was that he
needed to understand it at the most basic level.
Once he did, he could control it. Chemistry is
very similar.
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01011011 m key 01001011 M key
Shift key turns off 5th switch
Ctrl key shuts off 5th 7th switches
00001011 Enter key
To most people the keys on the keyboard are just
letters. To a person who knows the underlying
makeup, they can do things that seem impossible.
For example, lets say the Enter key stops
working. Knowing that the m key building
blocks of bits are very similar to those of the
Enter key allows that person to use the m key
along with the Ctrl key to do the same as the
Enter key. You can launch Notepad to demonstrate
that.
LaunchNotepad
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When you know chemistry, theres a new level of
looking at the world around you.
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When electrons are accelerated and then stopped,
a photon of light will be generated. If these
photos are of high enough energy they can combine
to form an electron/positron pair.
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Here is an actual tracking of the production of
a electron/positron pair.
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The voltage needed to create an electron is about
one million volts. This is the voltage that
creates a bolt of lightning. This voltage pushes
electrons from the sky to the ground, but the
electrons are slowed down by the air. If they
werent, it would be possible that two electrons
accelerated by a million volts striking the
ground would give off light of enough energy to
create a new electron.
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What kind of voltage do you need to generate a
photons with high energy needed to create protons?
The lightning was drawn with the scribble tool
under the Draw toolbar ? Autoshapes menu ? Lines
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Proton
Quarks
Anti-quarks
U
2/3 -1/3
D
Neutron
Quarks of six flavor or colors and their
anti-quarks are created when high energy gamma
rays with energy of about 300 million volts
collide.
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Quartz
Silicon and oxygen atoms are stacked tightly and
are impervious to water
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SiO22H2O
AlO32H2O
Temper is added to provide a way for the water
vapor to escape. It usually consists of sand or
crushed bones.
As the water is driven out, the layers shrink and
begin to fuse.
Clay is made of layers of silicon oxide and
aluminum oxide. Water is bonded to these
molecules.
Mild heat will drive out the water that is in
between the layers.
When water is added, water gets in between these
layers. This causes the clay to become pliable.
High temperatures will break the bonds of the
water that is attached to silicon and aluminum
oxides.
Needles of mullite, Al6Si2O13, begin to grow.
These strengthen the clay.
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This chart uses the log of concentrations in
order for the smaller concentrations of elements
to be visible.
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1000
1000
3- 2- 1- 0- -1- -2- -3-
103
1000
Here we see that large numbers and small numbers
are difficult to graph together. However, if we
convert each to a power of 10 and graph the
exponent, the amounts are not so drastically
different.
100
10
1
The animations are simple but effective. Bar
graphs enter with a wipe up.
.10
102
.01
101
100
10-1
100
10-2
10
.01
1
.10
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Only the zoom effect was used here. All but one
Earth were set to animate With Previous so they
all came together. The original Earth image had
black space around it. If you click on the black
with the Set Transparent Color tool on the
picture toolbar, the black will be transparent.
That way the Earths can overlap each other.
During a supernova the collapse of the neutron
core has the mass of 500,000 Earths traveling at
¼ the speed of light. If that happened to us
here on Earth, our sky would be filled with
Earths coming at us. It would take about 5
seconds after they passed the moon.
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Helium
Carbon
Neon
Oxygen
Silicon
During the supernova explosion the outward moving
matter is moving so fast that it compresses and
heats whatever it collides with to temperatures
of 1010 to 1011 K... much hotter than anything we
have encountered in our studies of stars so far.
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Here is an actually picture of a supernova.
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Here is another of the same supernova.
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FLUORIDE
MYTHS
the
METHODS
METHODS
the
MIRACLE
the
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MIRACLE
MYTHS
METHODS
This animation shows the power of using three
animation effects at the same time on the same
object. The words follow a motion path as they
spin and shrink. The flask has a
semi-transparent effect to make it look like
glass.
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If fluorine was an animal, it would be a shark.
The next slide shows the shark (fluorine) going
after a circling electron. The animation runs
automatically. There is sound also, so be at the
ready with your volume control.
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FLUORINE
This is an effective animation that uses a slow
faded zoom to bring the shark into view
dramatically. At the same time the shark follows
a motion path to the electron past the glass ball
of fluorine. The glass has a semi-transparent
effect to make it behave like glass.
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FLUORINE
A zoom exit with sound usually scares the
students, which they enjoy.
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Water the Universal Solvent

• One side of water is negatively charged because
  the oxygen atom keeps the shared electrons longer
  than the hydrogen atoms. As a result theoxygen
  side is negatively chargedand the hydrogen side
  of water is positively charged.

O
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Water the Universal Solvent

• Like a magnet that pulls on things that are
  magnetic, water pulls on things that are
  electrically charged. Magnets have north south
  poles, water has positive and negative poles and
  thus called a polar solvent.
• Since unlike charges attract, the negative end of
  water will be attracted to the positive sodium
  ion. The positive end of water will be attracted
  to the negative chloride ion.
• Since water is always in motion, it will pull on
  the ionic compound and move the ions away from
  each other. This dissolves the ionic compound.

Cl-
Na
The motion paths with some spin effects are good
ways to show this concept.
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Wax does not repel water

• Weve heard that wax or oils repel water. But
  that isnt true. Water is so attracted to other
  water molecules that anything between them is
  squeezed out of the way.

Oildroplet
Simple motion paths with some spin makes this
concept easier to understand.
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Soaps Detergents

• Soaps and detergents are chains that have one end
  that is like oil and has no charge and the other
  end is charged.

Oildroplet
The effect is good, and all done with motions
paths (custom line) and spin effects.