Masculinity India, Norway, Germany, France

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MasculinityIndia, Norway, Germany, France

• Ashim
• Ida
• Laura
• Lucie

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Agenda

• Hofstedes view on masculinity
• In our countries
• Masculine Values
• Women in Business
• Women in Politics
• Conclusion What difference does it make ?

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Values for Hofstede

• Masculine
• Material possessions
• Progress
• Competitiveness
• Ambition
• Accumulation of wealth
• Power
• I live to work

• Feminine
• Altruism and continuity
• Warm relationships
• Quality of life
• Solidarity
• Sympathy for the weak
• Stability
• I work to live

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MASCULINITY RANKING
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• MASCULINE VALUES

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(No Transcript)
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• WOMEN IN POLITICS

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NORWAY
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Women in politics history

• 1911 Anne Rogstad first woman to meet in the
  parliament
• 1913 Right to vote

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Women in politics history

• 1945 Kirsten Hansteen first female minister in
  government

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Women in politics history

• 1986 Gro Harlem Brundtland first female prime
  minister, record government

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Women in politics history

• 1993 3 candidates PM female, 40 of parliament,
  and President of the Storting

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Women in politics history

• 2006 9 women of 19 in government

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FRANCE
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Politics in France

• 1946 Women can vote
• Concept of  parité  (parity) a law of 2000
  to promote equality between men and women in
  politics
• Slow access to politics in the time

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Women in politics in France

• Royal, 1st women possibly president

• Michèle Alliot Marie
• Minister of Defense

• Edith Cresson
• The only woman Prime Minister in 1991-1992

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GERMANY
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History of Women in Politics in Germany

• 1918 Right to vote
• 1949 Equality by law
• 1961- 66 First female minister
• Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt (Minister of Health)

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History of Women in Politics in Germany

• President of the Parliament
• Annemarie Renger (1972-1976)
• Rita Süssmuth (1988-1998)

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History of Women in Politics in Germany

• 1994- 2003 Jutta Limbach
• President of Federal Constitutional Court

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Women in politics

• 2006 32 Women in the Bundestag
• CDU 25
• SPD 40
• FDP 23
• Die Grünen almost 50

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Women in politics

• 2005 First female Chancellor Angela Merkel

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INDIA
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Presence of Women in Politics

• Past
• No women in decision making levels
• Male chauvinism runs deep in Indian Politics
• Virtually no representation, with an exception
  Indira Gandhi
• Longest serving Prime Minister for 15 years
• But no attempt to increase women participation

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Women in Politics

• Present
• Attempts to increase presence through
  reservations
• Only three states led by women leaders
• National Parliament percentage for women- 8
• Still functioning on myth- women candidates often
  do not win against men

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• WOMEN IN BUSINESS

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• NORWAY

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Women in business where?

• Anette Olsen CEO Fred Olsen Co since 1995

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Women in business where?

• Bjørg Ven Vice Chairman Board of Directors since
  2001

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Women in business where?

• Elisabeth Grieg CEO Grieg International, concert
  group

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Women in business where?

• Gunn Wærsted CEO Sparebank1, big banking group
  since 2001

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Women in business where?

• Celina Midelfart CEO Midelfart Holding AS,
  beauty and health products

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• FRANCE

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French women in Business

• More execution, less decision-making
• However, more and more women are becoming CEO of
  big companies

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French women in Business

• Anne Lauvergeon
• CEO of Areva
• gt 1st world nuclear group

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French women in Business

• Patricia Barbizet
• President of the security counsel of Pinault
  Printemps Redoute (PPR)

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French women in Business

• Dominique Hériard Drubreuil
• President of the directoire of Remy Cointreau

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French women in Business

• Dominique Reiniche
• Vice-President of Coca-Cola enterprises

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• GERMANY

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Women in business where?

• Birgit Grube, Member of the Board
• Siemens
• Since 1993

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Women in Business where?

• Deutsche Telekom
• Members of the Board
• Ingrid Matthäus- Maier
• Monika Brandl, since Nov 2002
• Ursula Steinke, since Jan 1995

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Women in business where?

• Allianz
• Members of the Boards
• Claudia Eggert-Lehmann, since 2002
• Margit Schoffer, since 2002

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• INDIA

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Women in Business

• Although significant increase in the
  participation of women in business, they still
  remain under-represented
• No conditions concerning inclusion of women in
  the board of companies
• Demands for equal rights and position
• Many women holding to positions in companies
  recognized worldwide

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Women in Business

• Indra Nooyi Chief Executive
• Pepsi Co.

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Women in Business

• Anu Aga chairperson
• Thermax Group

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• DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE ?

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Women in power positions how?

• History of democracy and social democratic
  governments
• Negotiations and consensus
• Womens rights organization
• Entry into the labor force and educational
  background
• Gender equality act and legislation
• Parity recruitment system
• Campaigns and quotas

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Women in power positions does it make a
difference?

• Communication style
• Softer values
• Compromise
• Accessible
• Friendly
• "It is in the interests of society as a whole
  that women's values and women's sense of justice
  be integrated into political and business life.
• Gro Harlem Brundtland